Abstract: Disclosed is a system for measuring mass transfer in a membrane and solutions. The system includes: a membrane module 10 including a feed solution reservoir 11 accommodating a feed solution f, a draw solution reservoir 13 accommodating a draw solution d whose osmotic concentration is higher than that of the feed solution f, and a holder 15 supporting a semipermeable membrane m arranged between the feed solution reservoir 11 and the draw solution reservoir 13 and whose performance is to be measured; a feed solution storage tank 20 storing the feed solution f; and a feed solution supply pump 30 supplying the feed solution f from the feed solution storage tank 20 to the feed solution reservoir 11 at a fixed flow rate corresponding to a water flux WF across the membrane m such that the water flux WF is maintained constant.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional intraoral scanner which, in particular, includes: a case which may be drawn in and out of the oral cavity, and has an opening for introducing, into the case, via an end part thereof, the appearance of the oral cavity (hereinafter, image) in the form of light; at least one camera arranged inside the case, and allowing the light introduced via the opening of the case to pass; a light projector which is arranged on one side of the at least one camera and which radiates light into the oral cavity via the opening; an optical element provided to be rotatable while tilting so as to reflect or bend the path of the light from the at least one camera and the light projector from inside the case; and a light path change unit for moving the optical element so as to be adjustable. Therefore, the three-dimensional intraoral scanner may easily obtain image data for the entire oral cavity of a patient.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for measuring mass transfer in a membrane and solutions. The system includes: a membrane module 10 including a feed solution reservoir 11 accommodating a feed solution f, a draw solution reservoir 13 accommodating a draw solution d whose osmotic concentration is higher than that of the feed solution f, and a holder 15 supporting a semipermeable membrane m arranged between the feed solution reservoir 11 and the draw solution reservoir 13 and whose performance is to be measured; a feed solution storage tank 20 storing the feed solution f; and a feed solution supply pump 30 supplying the feed solution f from the feed solution storage tank 20 to the feed solution reservoir 11 at a fixed flow rate corresponding to a water flux WF across the membrane m such that the water flux WF is maintained constant.

Abstract: Isothermal titration calorimetry methods for determining one or more binding characteristics of a ligand and a receptor according to aspects of the present invention include injecting a ligand into a sample cell of a calorimeter, the sample cell containing a receptor, wherein the injecting is continuous; obtaining heat flow values indicative of binding of the ligand to the receptor; and calculating the binding characteristic in real-time, producing a determined binding characteristic. Binding characteristics determined according to methods of the present invention include any one or more of ?H, ?S, ?G, equilibrium binding constant (K), and binding stoichiometry (n).

Abstract: Disclosed are a clustering device for a flash memory and a method thereof. The clustering device for a flash memory in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can gather pages having similar update times and perform a write operation of the pages in a same block. Accordingly, the writing performance of the flash memory can be improved and the lifetime of the flash memory can be increased.

Abstract: In this invention, we propose an adaptive lock escalation scheme that can significantly enhance the performance of the database management system under excessive lock requests. In existing lock escalation methods, under excessive lock requests, the system's performance degrades abruptly even leading to a live halt in the worst case. The present invention, an adaptive lock escalation in database management systems, proposes a new notion of the unescalatable lock, which is the major cause for making the transactions abort due to lack of lock resources. It uses semi lock escalation and lock blocking based on the total number of unescalatable locks to suppress the growth of unescalatable locks. Furthermore, it guarantees that at least one transaction can complete without getting into live halt by using selective relief.

Abstract: In this invention, we propose an adaptive lock escalation scheme that can significantly enhance the performance of the database management system under excessive lock requests. In existing lock escalation methods, under excessive lock requests, the system's performance degrades abruptly even leading to a live halt in the worst case.