Abstract: The present disclosure relates to PD-1 variants having minimal mutations for enhancing binding ability to PD-L1. The PD-1 variants of the present disclosure have fewer mutations than existing PD-1 and PD-1 variants and have significantly increased binding ability to PD-L1 compared to the existing variants, thereby solving the problem of immunogenicity. In addition, since these variants are very small-sized proteins as compared to existing antibody therapeutic agents, PD-1/PD-L1 binding of tumors and immune cells in a tumor micro-environment can be effectively inhibited, and since the problem of low binding ability of PD-L1 to existing PD-1 has been solved, the therapeutic effect thereof as a therapeutic agent can be significantly improved. These variants can also be used as an imaging agent for detecting the expression level of PD-L1.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a PD-1 variant having improved binding affinity to PD-L1. In addition, the present disclosure relates to a method for preparing the PD-1 variant and a method for screening the PD-1 variant. The PD-1 variant of the present disclosure effectively inhibits the binding between wild-type PD-1 and PD-L1, and thus is expected to have significantly higher penetration ability and anticancer effect by immune cells or therapeutic effect for infectious diseases as compared to existing immune checkpoint inhibitors. At the same time, the possibility of immunogenicity can be minimized. In addition, the convenience of developing biomedicine may be promoted through aglycosylation.

Abstract: A PD-L1 mutant having improved binding affinity for PD-1 is disclosed. A method for preparing the PD-L1 variant and a method for screening the PD-L1 variant are also disclosed. The PD-L1 variant produced by substituting some amino acids in the sequence of wild-type PD-L1 with other optimal amino acids, achieving greatly improved affinity for PD-1. In addition, the possibility of immunogenicity can be reduced by the smallest possible number of the mutation sites.

Abstract: Provided are a data management apparatus and a data management method for a surveillance system. The data management apparatus includes: a first storage unit configured to store therein data provided from a data input unit; a second storage unit configured to store therein a copy of the data; and a control unit configured to control the first storage unit to store the data therein on a real time basis, and if the data stored in the first storage unit is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold amount, generate the copy and control the second storage unit to store the copy in the second storage unit as much as a given amount.

Abstract: Provided are a data management apparatus and a data management method for a surveillance system. The data management apparatus includes: a first storage unit configured to store therein data provided from a data input unit; a second storage unit configured to store therein a copy of the data; and a control unit configured to control the first storage unit to store the data therein on a real time basis, and if the data stored in the first storage unit is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold amount, generate the copy and control the second storage unit to store the copy in the second storage unit as much as a given amount.