Abstract: This application provides an encoding method and an encoding apparatus based on a polar code, to improve compression performance of a source sequence of a limited length. The method includes: obtaining a source bit sequence; encoding the source bit sequence by using a polar code generation matrix that is based on sub-block column transformation, to obtain a first bit sequence, where the polar code generation matrix is determined based on a first polar code generation matrix and a transformation matrix, and the transformation matrix may achieve effect of performing sub-block column transformation on the first polar code generation matrix; and compressing the first bit sequence, to obtain a compressed bit sequence.

Abstract: A camera optical lens includes from an object side to an image side: a first lens having positive refractive power, a second lens having negative refractive power, a third lens having positive refractive power, and a fourth lens having negative refractive power; and following relational expressions are satisfied: 0.65?f1/f?0.85; ?1.50?(f3?f4)/f2??0.80; 0.20?(R3+R4)/f2?0.80; 2.00?d1/d3?7.00; and ?3.50?f234/(d3+d5+d7)??2.50. The camera optical lens has excellent optical performance and is particularly suitable for a mobile phone camera lens assembly, and a WEB camera lens composed of camera elements such as CCD, CMOS for high pixels.

Abstract: The method includes: obtaining an input information bit sequence; determining a target matrix based on a first polar code generation matrix and a transformation matrix; encoding the input information bit sequence based on an inverse matrix of a first matrix, to obtain a first bit sequence, where the input information bit sequence is a bit sequence corresponding to an information bit, and the first matrix is a submatrix formed by a row, in the target matrix, corresponding to the information bit and a column, in the target matrix, corresponding to the information bit; and encoding the first bit sequence based on a second matrix, to obtain a second bit sequence, where the second matrix is a submatrix formed by the row, in the target matrix, corresponding to the information bit and a column, in the target matrix, corresponding to a frozen bit.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: obtaining to-be-compressed data, where the to-be-compressed data includes first data; determining at least one first transform base based on a first data type of the first data; determining second data based on the at least one first transform base and the first data; and sending the second data to a first device. According to the method provided in this application, a unified compression framework based on a transform base is proposed for the to-be-compressed data. At least one first transform base can be flexibly determined based on a data type of the first data, so that the first data is compressed based on the at least one first transform base. This ensures compression performance, enhances compression efficiency, and reduces data transmission overheads.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining, by a first communication apparatus, training data used to train a dictionary used for data compression. The method also includes determining a group of to-be-updated subsets in the dictionary based on the training data. The method further includes determining dictionary update information corresponding to the group of to-be-updated subsets. The method additionally includes sending the dictionary update information.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a camera optical lens having five lenses. The five lenses from an object-side to an-image side are: a first lens having a negative refractive power; a second lens having a positive refractive power; a third lens having a negative refractive power; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power; a fifth lens having a negative refractive power; which satisfies following conditions: 0.70?f2/f?1.10; 2.00?(R5+R6)/(R5?R6)?10.00; 0.70?R1/f1?1.30; 5.50?R7/R8?14.0. The camera optical lens can achieve good optical performance while meeting the design requirement for large aperture, long focal length and ultra-thin.

Abstract: Provided are a verification code processing method and apparatus, and a device and a storage medium. The method comprises: upon receiving a trigger operation for verification code display, firstly acquiring a verification code image and verification code input prompt information; and then displaying the verification code image and the verification code input prompt information for verification code input. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, since a verification code image comprises one or more verification codes, at least one verification code is divided into a plurality of areas, and at least two areas are different in color, the overall structure of the verification code is destroyed, thereby improving the OCR resistance performance of the verification code, and achieving the purpose of effectively intercepting malicious behavior.

Abstract: Techniques for determining when speech is directed at another individual of a dialog, and storing a representation of such user-directed speech for use as context when processing subsequently-received system-directed speech are described. A system receives audio data and/or video data and determines therefrom that speech in the audio data is user-directed. Based on this, the system determine whether the speech is able to be used to perform an action by the system. If the speech is able to be used to perform an action, the system stores a natural language representation of the speech. Thereafter, when the system receives system-directed speech, the system generates a rewrite of a natural language representation of the system-directed speech based on the previously-received user-directed speech. The system then determines output data responsive to the system-directed speech using the rewritten natural language representation.

Abstract: A data processing method: A first apparatus performs layering processing on first data based on layering information to obtain N layers of data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the layering processing includes data grouping and bit layering. The first apparatus separately performs coding and modulation on the N layers of data to obtain N bitstreams. The first apparatus sends the N bitstreams to a second apparatus.

Abstract: This application provides coding/decoding methods and communications apparatuses thereof. In an implementation, a coding method includes: obtaining a first information bit sequence; determining a first frozen bit sequence based on a probability distribution value P1 of the first information bit sequence, determining a check bit sequence based on a second information bit sequence, where the second information bit sequence is the first information bit sequence or a sequence obtained after a pre-transformation operation is performed on the first information bit sequence, obtaining a first bit sequence based on the second information bit sequence, the check bit sequence, and the first frozen bit sequence, where the first bit sequence includes bits in the second information bit sequence.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and discloses a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: performing layering on first data, to obtain N layers of data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; receiving modulation and coding indication information from a second communication apparatus, where the modulation and coding indication information indicates an MCS corresponding to each layer of data in P layers of data, the P layers of data belong to the N layers of data, and the MCS corresponding to each layer of data in the P layers of data; and separately performing coding and modulation on the P layers of data based on the MCS corresponding to each layer of data in the P layers of data.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method that comprises obtaining first data, where the length of the first data is A; compressing the first data into second data, where the length of the second data is C; and generating third data based on the second data, where the third data includes the second data and (T?C+p) alignment bits. T is a threshold in the J thresholds that is greater than or equal to C and the closest to C. The J thresholds correspond to A and are greater than 0, with J being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. p is a quantity of auxiliary check bits and is an integer greater than or equal to 0. The communication method further comprises performing channel encoding on the third data to obtain fourth data and sending the fourth data.

Abstract: Techniques for determining when speech is directed at another individual of a dialog, and storing a representation of such user-directed speech for use as context when processing subsequently-received system-directed speech are described. A system receives audio data and/or video data and determines therefrom that speech in the audio data is user-directed. Based on this, the system determine whether the speech is able to be used to perform an action by the system. If the speech is able to be used to perform an action, the system stores a natural language representation of the speech. Thereafter, when the system receives system-directed speech, the system generates a rewrite of a natural language representation of the system-directed speech based on the previously-received user-directed speech. The system then determines output data responsive to the system-directed speech using the rewritten natural language representation.

Abstract: Example encoding/decoding methods, communication apparatus, and systems are provided. One example encoding method includes encoding first data by using an encoding model, to obtain N pieces of encoded data, where N is an integer greater than 2. De-correlation is performed on the N pieces of encoded data to obtain N pieces of de-correlated encoded data, where a part or all of the N pieces of de-correlated encoded data may be for determining second data, the second data is for restoring third data, and the third data is the first data, or an approximation degree between the third data and the first data is greater than a specified threshold The N pieces of de-correlated encoded data are sent.

Abstract: Oral care based imaging computer-implemented systems and methods for analyzing attributes of a facial image portion of at least one person depicted in a digital image. An oral care digital imaging computer-implemented method for analyzing a facial image portion of a person depicted in a digital image may include analyzing the facial image portion for positive and negative attributes as defined by pixel data of the digital image and generating a probability value based on the positive and negative attributes in the facial image portion in the digital image.

Abstract: The method includes: A transmitter obtains a first bit sequence, and then performs LDPC encoding on the first bit sequence based on a check matrix, to obtain a second bit sequence. Correspondingly, a receiver receives the second bit sequence, and then performs LDPC decoding on the second bit sequence based on the check matrix, to obtain K information bits. The first bit sequence includes the K information bits, the second bit sequence includes M check bits, and both K and M are positive integers. The check matrix is obtained based on a first base matrix, the first base matrix corresponds to a second base matrix, the second base matrix includes the following elements: 0, 1, and 2.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and an apparatus. The method includes: A transmit end obtains to-be-sent data; the transmit end obtains a plurality of data blocks based on the to-be-sent data; and the transmit end compresses a first data block based on a compression mode and sends a compressed first data block, where the first data block is one of the plurality of data blocks. Therefore, a plurality of data blocks may be separately compressed by using a same compression mode or different compression modes, and compressed data blocks are sent.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data, including obtaining, by a transmitting end, coding parameter information of first data, where the coding parameter information indicates information related to physical layer data processing of the transmitting end, the physical layer data processing includes performing first coding on a transport block (TB), and the first coding is a coding mode in which compression and channel coding are separated, or the physical layer data processing includes separately performing second coding on a plurality of sub-TBs obtained based on the TB, and the second coding is a coding mode in which compression and channel coding are combined, and determining, by the transmitting end, whether to transmit the coding parameter information to a receiving end.

Abstract: An encoding method, a decoding method, and an apparatus are provided. The methods include: A transmit end obtains a first bit sequence, performs LDPC encoding based on the first bit sequence to obtain a second bit sequence, and sends the second bit sequence. The first bit sequence includes K0 information bits, sparsity of the first bit sequence is first sparsity, the second bit sequence includes K1 information bits and N1 parity bits, a value of K1 is determined based on the first sparsity, K1 is less than K0, and K1 is a nonnegative integer. Correspondingly, a receive end obtains the second bit sequence, and then performs LDPC decoding on the second bit sequence based on the first sparsity and a code rate, to obtain the K0 information bits.

Abstract: This application discloses encoding and decoding methods and a related apparatus, and is applied to the coding field. The method includes: obtaining a to-be-encoded first transport block; obtaining F sub-transport blocks based on the first transport block, where probability distributions of all preprocess blocks included in any sub-transport block belong to a same probability distribution range, and probability distributions of preprocess blocks included in at least two of the F sub-transport blocks belong to different probability distribution ranges; encoding the F sub-transport blocks to obtain a second transport block, where the second transport block includes F encoded sub-transport blocks, and at least two of the F encoded sub-transport blocks correspond to different code rates; and performing transmission based on the second transport block.