Abstract: This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and discloses a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: performing layering on first data, to obtain N layers of data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; receiving modulation and coding indication information from a second communication apparatus, where the modulation and coding indication information indicates an MCS corresponding to each layer of data in P layers of data, the P layers of data belong to the N layers of data, and the MCS corresponding to each layer of data in the P layers of data; and separately performing coding and modulation on the P layers of data based on the MCS corresponding to each layer of data in the P layers of data.

Abstract: Techniques for determining when speech is directed at another individual of a dialog, and storing a representation of such user-directed speech for use as context when processing subsequently-received system-directed speech are described. A system receives audio data and/or video data and determines therefrom that speech in the audio data is user-directed. Based on this, the system determine whether the speech is able to be used to perform an action by the system. If the speech is able to be used to perform an action, the system stores a natural language representation of the speech. Thereafter, when the system receives system-directed speech, the system generates a rewrite of a natural language representation of the system-directed speech based on the previously-received user-directed speech. The system then determines output data responsive to the system-directed speech using the rewritten natural language representation.

Abstract: Example encoding/decoding methods, communication apparatus, and systems are provided. One example encoding method includes encoding first data by using an encoding model, to obtain N pieces of encoded data, where N is an integer greater than 2. De-correlation is performed on the N pieces of encoded data to obtain N pieces of de-correlated encoded data, where a part or all of the N pieces of de-correlated encoded data may be for determining second data, the second data is for restoring third data, and the third data is the first data, or an approximation degree between the third data and the first data is greater than a specified threshold The N pieces of de-correlated encoded data are sent.

Abstract: The method includes: A transmitter obtains a first bit sequence, and then performs LDPC encoding on the first bit sequence based on a check matrix, to obtain a second bit sequence. Correspondingly, a receiver receives the second bit sequence, and then performs LDPC decoding on the second bit sequence based on the check matrix, to obtain K information bits. The first bit sequence includes the K information bits, the second bit sequence includes M check bits, and both K and M are positive integers. The check matrix is obtained based on a first base matrix, the first base matrix corresponds to a second base matrix, the second base matrix includes the following elements: 0, 1, and 2.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and an apparatus. The method includes: A transmit end obtains to-be-sent data; the transmit end obtains a plurality of data blocks based on the to-be-sent data; and the transmit end compresses a first data block based on a compression mode and sends a compressed first data block, where the first data block is one of the plurality of data blocks. Therefore, a plurality of data blocks may be separately compressed by using a same compression mode or different compression modes, and compressed data blocks are sent.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data, including obtaining, by a transmitting end, coding parameter information of first data, where the coding parameter information indicates information related to physical layer data processing of the transmitting end, the physical layer data processing includes performing first coding on a transport block (TB), and the first coding is a coding mode in which compression and channel coding are separated, or the physical layer data processing includes separately performing second coding on a plurality of sub-TBs obtained based on the TB, and the second coding is a coding mode in which compression and channel coding are combined, and determining, by the transmitting end, whether to transmit the coding parameter information to a receiving end.

Abstract: An encoding method, a decoding method, and an apparatus are provided. The methods include: A transmit end obtains a first bit sequence, performs LDPC encoding based on the first bit sequence to obtain a second bit sequence, and sends the second bit sequence. The first bit sequence includes K0 information bits, sparsity of the first bit sequence is first sparsity, the second bit sequence includes K1 information bits and N1 parity bits, a value of K1 is determined based on the first sparsity, K1 is less than K0, and K1 is a nonnegative integer. Correspondingly, a receive end obtains the second bit sequence, and then performs LDPC decoding on the second bit sequence based on the first sparsity and a code rate, to obtain the K0 information bits.

Abstract: This application discloses encoding and decoding methods and a related apparatus, and is applied to the coding field. The method includes: obtaining a to-be-encoded first transport block; obtaining F sub-transport blocks based on the first transport block, where probability distributions of all preprocess blocks included in any sub-transport block belong to a same probability distribution range, and probability distributions of preprocess blocks included in at least two of the F sub-transport blocks belong to different probability distribution ranges; encoding the F sub-transport blocks to obtain a second transport block, where the second transport block includes F encoded sub-transport blocks, and at least two of the F encoded sub-transport blocks correspond to different code rates; and performing transmission based on the second transport block.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a technology field of caking of crystal particles, and in particular relates to a method for predicting a critical caking cycle of crystal particle. The method includes: establishing a CHS crystal bridge growth model database of a crystal particle with a same type of crystal particle to be predicted firstly, selecting existed data in the corresponding CHS crystal bridge growth model database based on an equivalent particle radius, a stored ambient temperature, and an environmental high and low humidity cycle condition of the crystal particle to be predicted, respectively, and calculating the critical caking cycle according to experience calculation equations, wherein a result obtained by calculation is a predicted critical caking cycle of the crystal particle to be predicted.

Abstract: This application provides a signal processing method and device. The method includes: A first device receives a first complex signal formed after an electromagnetic signal is reflected by an ambient environment. A dimension of the first complex signal is related to configuration information of the first device. The first device sends a transformed signal to a second device. The transformed signal includes a transformed bitstream, and the transformed bitstream is obtained by the first device by transforming the first complex signal based on the configuration information of the first device, so that the second device de-transforms the transformed signal based on the configuration information of the first device to obtain a second complex signal.

Abstract: A data transmission method and apparatus, the method including obtaining, by an apparatus, a first dataset, where the first dataset comprises sampled data of a beam signal from a sensed object, and sending, by the apparatus, a first signal, where the first signal carries first target data and first location data, the first target data comprises data that is in a second dataset and that is of a priority that is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold, the first location data comprises location information of the first target data in the second dataset, and the second dataset comprises the first dataset or a dataset converted from the first dataset.

Abstract: A sending device may determine a mother code in a kth transmission based on a length of to-be-transmitted bits in the kth transmission. k is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The sending device may perform systematic polar encoding on to-be-coded bits in the kth transmission based on the mother code, to obtain the to-be-transmitted bits. The sending device may send the to-be-transmitted bits.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: generating a trigger frame, where the trigger frame includes a user information field corresponding to one or more users; the one or more users include a first user using joint source and channel coding; and the first user corresponds to a plurality of user information fields, and a user information field corresponding to the first user indicates a layer frequency domain resource of the first user at a source layer, or the first user corresponds to one user information field, and the one user information field corresponding to the first user indicates a total frequency domain resource of the first user at all source layers; and sending the trigger frame, to receive a trigger-based physical layer protocol data unit of the first user.

Abstract: A first apparatus obtains data; determines an index of the data based on a first encoding network and a first data codebook, where the first encoding network is for encoding the data, and the first data codebook includes a correspondence between encoded data and the index; and sends information about the index of the data.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: generating and sending a PPDU, where the PPDU includes a first signal field, the first signal field includes a resource unit allocation subfield and at least one user field corresponding to each user, the resource unit allocation subfield indicates a frequency domain resource allocated to the user corresponding to each user field, the user corresponding to each user field includes a first user that uses joint source and channel coding, the PPDU further includes a second signal field of the first user that uses joint source and channel coding, the second signal field of the first user indicates a joint source and channel coding parameter of a source layer corresponding to the first user, and the second signal field of the first user is located on a frequency domain resource allocated to the first user.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a space indication method and a communication apparatus, and relate to the field of communication technologies. A first communication apparatus receives first indication information from a second communication apparatus, where the first indication information includes structure information of first sensing space, and the structure information of the first sensing space includes first information indicating a first tree structure of the first sensing space; determines the tree structure of the first sensing space based on the first indication information; determines feedback information based on the tree structure of the first sensing space, where the feedback information indicates status information sensed by the first communication apparatus in the first sensing space or status information sensed by the first communication apparatus outside the first sensing space; and sends the feedback information to the second communication apparatus.

Abstract: This application provides an encoding method and an encoding apparatus based on a polar code, to improve compression performance of a source sequence of a limited length. The method includes: obtaining a source bit sequence; encoding the source bit sequence by using a polar code generation matrix that is based on sub-block column transformation, to obtain a first bit sequence, where the polar code generation matrix that is based on the sub-block column transformation is determined based on a first polar code generation matrix and a transformation matrix, and the transformation matrix may achieve effect of performing sub-block column transformation on the first polar code generation matrix; and compressing the first bit sequence, to obtain a compressed bit sequence.

Abstract: The method in embodiments of this application includes: A first communication apparatus obtains a first transport block. The first communication apparatus converts the first transport block into S information segments. The first communication apparatus performs pre-processing on the S information segments based on X processing modes, to obtain G information groups, where each of the G information groups corresponds to one of the X processing modes, G is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The first communication apparatus determines C to-be-encoded code blocks based on the G information groups, and a sum of sizes of the C to-be-encoded code blocks is less than a size of the first transport block. The first communication apparatus performs channel coding on the C to-be-encoded code blocks, to obtain an encoded code block. The first communication apparatus outputs the encoded code block.

Abstract: The method includes: obtaining an input information bit sequence; determining a target matrix based on a first polar code generation matrix and a transformation matrix; encoding the input information bit sequence based on an inverse matrix of a first matrix, to obtain a first bit sequence, where the input information bit sequence is a bit sequence corresponding to an information bit, and the first matrix is a submatrix formed by a row corresponding to the information bit and a column corresponding to the information bit that are in the target matrix; and encoding the first bit sequence based on a second matrix, to obtain a second bit sequence, where the second matrix is a submatrix formed by the row corresponding to the information bit and a column corresponding to a frozen bit that are in the target matrix.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a technology field of caking of crystal particles, and in particular relates to a method for predicting a critical caking cycle of crystal particle. The method includes: establishing a CHS crystal bridge growth model database of a crystal particle with a same type of crystal particle to be predicted firstly, selecting existed data in the corresponding CHS crystal bridge growth model database based on an equivalent particle radius, a stored ambient temperature, and an environmental high and low humidity cycle condition of the crystal particle to be predicted, respectively, and calculating the critical caking cycle according to experience calculation equations, wherein a result obtained by calculation is a predicted critical caking cycle of the crystal particle to be predicted.