Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to methods of depositing tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten which are performed at relatively low temperatures. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods in which the ratio between reactant gasses is controlled. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide selective deposition of tungsten. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide methods for depositing tungsten films at a low temperature with relatively low roughness, stress and impurity levels.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus, a storage medium, and a chip system are disclosed. In one example, a wireless communication apparatus includes a communication processor and an application processor, and the communication processor is coupled to the application processor. The communication processor is configured to receive a first request sent by the application processor, where the first request is used to query a route selection descriptor. The communication processor is configured to send a second request to a network device. The second request includes at least one parameter in the route selection descriptor.

Abstract: Bioreactors for production and recovery of medium chain carboxylates from organic biomass are disclosed. Methods for improved production and recovery of medium chain carboxylates from organic biomass are also disclosed. The bioreactors can be used as a chain-elongation bioreactor, and a method of use thereof results in improved production and recovery of medium chain carboxylates from organic biomass. The bioreactor includes a shell defined by one or more walls and a length, and a plurality of porous hollow fiber membranes placed inside the reactor for continuous liquid-liquid extraction, as well as granular activated carbon (GAC) as biocarriers. The plurality of hollow fiber membranes is mounted such that a percentage of the length of the shell remains unoccupied by the plurality of porous hollow fiber membranes.

Abstract: This application discloses a method implemented at a server to facilitate secure offline transactions. The server receives, from a client device, an authorization request that includes a user identifier, first financial account information and a secure code. The server authenticates the authorization request, and sends a first transaction approval to the client device. Then, in accordance with the information received in the authorization request, the server facilitates a secure transaction between the client device and a point-of-sale (POS) machine while the client device is offline. Specifically, the server receives, from the POS machine, a transaction request that includes at least the user identifier and the security code. The server retrieves the first financial account information from a memory according to the user identifier and the security code, performs a transaction operation associated with the first financial account information, and sends a second transaction approval to the POS machine.

Abstract: This application discloses a method for implementing a secure transaction via a social network platform. A server receives a product purchase request from a client device, and the product purchase request includes product information, product server information and a user account identifier of the social network platform. The transaction server authenticates the product purchase request, and forwards the product purchase request of the corresponding product to the product server in an encrypted format. After receiving a confirmation message from the product server, the transaction server initiates a payment transaction between the user account and the product server. Further, after completing the payment transaction, the transaction server sends a payment completion message to the client device and the product server, respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an information pushing method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: receiving at least one screening condition and to-be-pushed conversion association information that are sent by a social application client corresponding to an information providing account; obtaining at least one target pushing account from candidate pushing accounts through screening according to the at least one screening condition; encapsulating the conversion association information into a dedicated service message corresponding to the target pushing account; and pushing the dedicated service message to a social application client corresponding to the target pushing account.

Abstract: This application discloses a method implemented at a server to facilitate secure offline transactions. The server receives, from a client device, an authorization request that includes a user identifier, first financial account information and a secure code. The server authenticates the authorization request, and sends a first transaction approval to the client device. Then, in accordance with the information received in the authorization request, the server facilitates a secure transaction between the client device and a point-of-sale (POS) machine while the client device is offline. Specifically, the server receives, from the POS machine, a transaction request that includes at least the user identifier and the security code. The server retrieves the first financial account information from a memory according to the user identifier and the security code, performs a transaction operation associated with the first financial account information, and sends a second transaction approval to the POS machine.

Abstract: This application discloses a method implemented at a server to facilitate secure offline transactions. The server receives, from a client device, an authorization request that includes a user identifier, first financial account information and a secure code. The server authenticates the authorization request, and sends a first transaction approval to the client device. Then, in accordance with the information received in the authorization request, the server facilitates a secure transaction between the client device and a point-of-sale (POS) machine while the client device is offline. Specifically, the server receives, from the POS machine, a transaction request that includes at least the user identifier and the security code. The server retrieves the first financial account information from a memory according to the user identifier and the security code, performs a transaction operation associated with the first financial account information, and sends a second transaction approval to the POS machine.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data processing method, apparatus, client, server and system, which belong to the field of computer technologies. The method includes: a client sending a target object transfer request to a resource platform server; the resource platform server generating a target object transfer instruction accordingly and returning the target object transfer instruction to the client; the client generating an operation instruction according to transfer confirmation performed on the target object transfer instruction and sending the operation instruction to a resource transfer server; and the resource transfer server transferring, according to the operation instruction, an exchange resource that corresponds to the target object from a first resource account to a second resource account. The present invention solves the problem of low security of a client and a resource platform server developed by a target object provider, and improves the security of a target object transfer process.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data processing method, apparatus, client, server and system, which belong to the field of computer technologies. The method includes: a client sending a target object transfer request to a resource platform server; the resource platform server generating a target object transfer instruction accordingly and returning the target object transfer instruction to the client; the client generating an operation instruction according to transfer confirmation performed on the target object transfer instruction and sending the operation instruction to a resource transfer server; and the resource transfer server transferring, according to the operation instruction, an exchange resource that corresponds to the target object from a first resource account to a second resource account. The present invention solves the problem of low security of a client and a resource platform server developed by a target object provider, and improves the security of a target object transfer process.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an information pushing method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: receiving at least one screening condition and to-be-pushed conversion association information that are sent by a social application client corresponding to an information providing account; obtaining at least one target pushing account from candidate pushing accounts through screening according to the at least one screening condition; encapsulating the conversion association information into a dedicated service message corresponding to the target pushing account; and pushing the dedicated service message to a social application client corresponding to the target pushing account.

Abstract: This application discloses a method for implementing a secure transaction via a social network platform. A server receives a product purchase request from a client device, and the product purchase request includes product information, product server information and a user account identifier of the social network platform. The transaction server authenticates the product purchase request, and forwards the product purchase request of the corresponding product to the product server in an encrypted format. After receiving a confirmation message from the product server, the transaction server initiates a payment transaction between the user account and the product server. Further, after completing the payment transaction, the transaction server sends a payment completion message to the client device and the product server, respectively.

Abstract: This application discloses a method implemented at a server to facilitate secure offline transactions. The server receives, from a client device, an authorization request that includes a user identifier, first financial account information and a secure code. The server authenticates the authorization request, and sends a first transaction approval to the client device. Then, in accordance with the information received in the authorization request, the server facilitates a secure transaction between the client device and a point-of-sale (POS) machine while the client device is offline. Specifically, the server receives, from the POS machine, a transaction request that includes at least the user identifier and the security code. The server retrieves the first financial account information from a memory according to the user identifier and the security code, performs a transaction operation associated with the first financial account information, and sends a second transaction approval to the POS machine.