Abstract: A negative electrode active material includes graphite and amorphous carbon, where according to Raman testing, the negative electrode active material satisfies: 1.6?WD/WG?2.6, where WD is a peak width at half height of peak D within 1340 cm?1 to 1370 cm?1 in the Raman spectrum, 40 cm?1?WD?100 cm?1, and WG is a peak width at half height of peak G within 1570 cm?1 to 1590 cm?1, 15 cm?1?WG?50 cm?1. The negative electrode active material undergoes surface treatment, where the surface thereof has a higher surface lattice defect degree, effectively improving a gram capacity and kinetics performance thereof, thereby making the electrochemical apparatus including the negative electrode active material have both high energy density and good electrochemical performance.

Abstract: A resinous polymer compound used as a durable surface coating that maximizes content of epoxidized soybean oil (“ESO”) in lieu of bisphenol-A epoxy and hydrogenated bisphenol-A epoxy at various proportions to produce a less brittle, more elastic (flexible) film that, at various weight-percentages of substitution, presents a rapid enough reaction rate for efficient commercial production and yields a colorless and transparent film while lessening the amount of synthetic, petroleum-derived ingredients.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides latex compositions manufactured using a combination of reactive surfactants. The compositions are useful as road marking materials.

Abstract: Linear polyfunctional polyglycidyl amine oligomeric and/or polymeric structures exhibiting at least two primary amines are described, which provide crosslinking capabilities for latex paint compositions. These crosslinkers not only exhibit latent crosslinking properties but also improve scrub resistance when compared with existing latex formulations. Once the latex is coated onto a substrate, the volatile base evaporates and the groups react to form a crosslinked coating with improved scrub resistant properties.

Abstract: Linear polyfunctional polyglycidyl amine oligomeric and/or polymeric structures exhibiting at least two primary amines are described, which provide crosslinking capabilities for latex paint compositions. These crosslinkers not only exhibit latent crosslinking properties but also improve scrub resistance when compared with existing latex formulations. Once the latex is coated onto a substrate, the volatile base evaporates and the groups react to form a crosslinked coating with improved scrub resistant properties.

Abstract: Linear polyfunctional polyglycidyl amine oligomeric and/or polymeric structures exhibiting at least two primary amines are described, which provide crosslinking capabilities for latex paint compositions. These crosslinkers not only exhibit latent crosslinking properties but also improve scrub resistance when compared with existing latex formulations. Once the latex is coated onto a substrate, the volatile base evaporates and the groups react to form a crosslinked coating with improved scrub resistant properties.

Abstract: Linear polyfunctional polyglycidyl amine oligomeric and/or polymeric structures exhibiting at least two primary amines are described, which provide crosslinking capabilities for latex paint compositions. These crosslinkers not only exhibit latent crosslinking properties but also improve scrub resistance when compared with existing latex formulations. Once the latex is coated onto a substrate, the volatile base evaporates and the groups react to form a crosslinked coating with improved scrub resistant properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides latex compositions using a combination of reactive surfactants wherein selected from the group consisting of: where, n=1, 2, x is 1-10 more preferably 1-5 and most preferably 1, z is 4-200 more preferably from about 5 to 60, and most preferably 16; Z? can be either SO3? or PO32? and most preferably SO3?, and M+ is Na+, K+, NH4+, or an alkanolamine, and is most preferably NH4+, and; Where n=1, 2, x is 1-10 more preferably 1-5 and most preferably 1, y is 0, 1, or 2, z is 4-200 more preferably from about 5 to 60, and most preferably 16; and wherein these reactive surfactants provide only one reactive group to react with the latex.

Abstract: An LED driving apparatus includes a rectifier bridge generating a DC bus voltage, a bus capacitor coupled between the output terminal of the rectifier bridge and a reference ground, a voltage sensing circuit generating a voltage sensing signal indicative of the DC bus voltage, a bleeding circuit providing a bleeding current for the bus capacitor, a switching converter configured to convert the DC bus voltage into a driving signal to drive an LED, a dimming mode detector detecting whether the LED driving apparatus is coupled to a leading edge dimmer or a trailing edge dimmer based on the voltage sensing signal, and a bleeding control circuit generating a control signal to control the bleeding circuit based on the voltage sensing signal, the leading edge dimming mode signal and the trailing edge dimming mode signal.

Abstract: An LED driving apparatus includes a rectifier bridge generating a DC bus voltage, a bus capacitor coupled between the output terminal of the rectifier bridge and a reference ground, a tank element, a first transistor, a second transistor, a free-wheeling switch, an output capacitor, a voltage sensing circuit generating a voltage sensing signal indicative of the DC bus voltage, a bleeding circuit providing a bleeding current for the bus capacitor, and a bleeding control circuit generating a control signal to control the bleeding circuit based on the voltage sensing signal.

Abstract: A dimming mode detection method is used in an LED driving apparatus including a rectifier bridge providing a DC bus voltage and a switching converter configured to convert the DC bus voltage into a driving signal to drive an LED. The method involves: powering on the LED driving apparatus; sensing the DC bus voltage and generating a voltage sensing signal; comparing a rising time during which the voltage sensing signal increases from a second threshold voltage to a first threshold voltage with a first time threshold to detect whether the LED driving apparatus is connected to a leading edge dimmer; and comparing a falling time during which the voltage sensing signal decreases from a third threshold voltage to a fourth threshold voltage with a second time threshold to detect whether the LED driving apparatus is connected to a trailing edge dimmer.

Abstract: An LED driving apparatus includes a rectifier bridge generating a DC bus voltage, a bus capacitor coupled between the output terminal of the rectifier bridge and a reference ground, a voltage sensing circuit generating a voltage sensing signal indicative of the DC bus voltage, a bleeding circuit providing a bleeding current for the bus capacitor, a switching converter configured to convert the DC bus voltage into a driving signal to drive an LED, a dimming mode detector detecting whether the LED driving apparatus is coupled to a leading edge dimmer or a trailing edge dimmer based on the voltage sensing signal, and a bleeding control circuit generating a control signal to control the bleeding circuit based on the voltage sensing signal, the leading edge dimming mode signal and the trailing edge dimming mode signal.

Abstract: A dimming mode detection method is used in an LED driving apparatus including a rectifier bridge providing a DC bus voltage and a switching converter configured to convert the DC bus voltage into a driving signal to drive an LED. The method involves: powering on the LED driving apparatus; sensing the DC bus voltage and generating a voltage sensing signal; comparing a rising time during which the voltage sensing signal increases from a second threshold voltage to a first threshold voltage with a first time threshold to detect whether the LED driving apparatus is connected to a leading edge dimmer; and comparing a falling time during which the voltage sensing signal decreases from a third threshold voltage to a fourth threshold voltage with a second time threshold to detect whether the LED driving apparatus is connected to a trailing edge dimmer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controller used in a TRIAC dimmer compatible LED driver and method thereof. The controller comprises a dimming signal generator, a dimming signal processor and a switch control circuit. The dimming signal generator receives an AC chopped voltage from a TRIAC dimmer and generates a dimming signal with regulated duty cycle in accordance with the AC chopped voltage. The dimming signal processor is coupled to the dimming signal generator and generates a processed dimming signal in accordance with the dimming signal. The duty cycle of the processed dimming signal is a sum of a predetermined duty cycle and the duty cycle of the dimming signal. Based on the processed dimming signal and a feedback signal indicative of the current flowing through LED, the switch control circuit generates a control signal to control at least one switch in a switching converter.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a switch mode power supply comprising a switch and a control circuit is disclosed. The control circuit may comprise a multi-function pin configured to receive a first current sampling signal and a first voltage sampling signal. A first comparing signal may be provided by comparing the first voltage sampling signal with a first threshold signal when the switch is turned OFF, and a second comparing signal may be provided by comparing the first current sampling signal with a second threshold signal when the switch is turned ON. The control circuit may be configured to control the switch in accordance with the first comparing signal and the second comparing signal.

Abstract: A fast startup switching converter having a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a first capacitor, and a controller controlling the ON and OFF switching of the second and third switches. The first terminal of the first switch is coupled to the input terminal of the switching converter, the second terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the second switch. The first terminal of the third switch is coupled to the second terminal of the first switch and the first terminal of the second switch. The first capacitor is coupled to the second terminal of the third switch and the controller to provide a power supply voltage for the controller. The switching converter charges the first capacitor through the first and third switches in a first working state, and transfers energy to a load through the first and second switches in a second working state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controller used in a TRIAC dimmer compatible LED driver and method thereof. The controller comprises a dimming signal generator, a dimming signal processor and a switch control circuit. The dimming signal generator receives an AC chopped voltage from a TRIAC dimmer and generates a dimming signal with regulated duty cycle in accordance with the AC chopped voltage. The dimming signal processor is coupled to the dimming signal generator and generates a processed dimming signal in accordance with the dimming signal. The duty cycle of the processed dimming signal is a sum of a predetermined duty cycle and the duty cycle of the dimming signal. Based on the processed dimming signal and a feedback signal indicative of the current flowing through LED, the switch control circuit generates a control signal to control at least one switch in a switching converter.

Abstract: A fast startup switching converter comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a first capacitor, and a controller controlling the ON and OFF switching of the second and third switches. The first terminal of the first switch is coupled to the input terminal of the switching converter, the second terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the second switch. The first terminal of the third switch is coupled to the second terminal of the first switch and the first terminal of the second switch. The first capacitor is coupled to the second terminal of the third switch and the controller to provide a power supply voltage for the controller. The switching converter charges the first capacitor through the first and third switches in a first working state, and transfers energy to a load through the first and second switches in a second working state.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling the switch frequency of an inverter that strikes and drives fluorescent lamps is disclosed. The circuit comprises a frequency generator and an offset circuit. The offset circuit provides a current signal in response to the lamp status. The frequency generator provides a frequency control signal in respond to the current signal so as to control the switch frequency of the inverter. When the lamp is open, the switch frequency of the inverter is higher; when the lamp is lighted, the switch frequency of the inverter is lower.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a switch mode power supply comprising a switch and a control circuit is disclosed. The control circuit may comprise a multi-function pin configured to receive a first current sampling signal and a first voltage sampling signal. A first comparing signal may be provided by comparing the first voltage sampling signal with a first threshold signal when the switch is turned OFF, and a second comparing signal may be provided by comparing the first current sampling signal with a second threshold signal when the switch is turned ON. The control circuit may be configured to control the switch in accordance with the first comparing signal and the second comparing signal.