Abstract: A method of making a doped metal oxide comprises heating a first doped metal oxide with a laser, to form a crystallized doped metal oxide. The crystallized doped metal oxide has a different crystal structure than the first doped metal oxide.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide foam, comprises an open-cell foam containing (a) a dopant metal, (b) a dopant nonmetal, (c) titanium, and (d) oxygen. The foam has the advantages of a high surface area and a low back pressure during dynamic flow applications. The inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was demonstrated in a simple photoreactor.

Abstract: A method of making a doped metal oxide includes heating a first doped metal oxide by rapid thermal annealing, to form a second doped metal oxide. The crystal structure of the second doped metal oxide is different from the crystal structure of the first doped metal oxide. The method may provide a doped titanium oxide, where the atomic ratio of dopant nonmetal to titanium is from 2% to 20%, and at least 10% of the doped titanium oxide is in the rutile phase. The method also can provide a doped tin oxide, where the atomic ratio of dopant nonmetal to tin is from 2% to 20%, and at least 50% of 900 the doped tin oxide is in the rutile phase.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ceramic coated fiber comprises heat treating an activated carbon coated fiber containing a ceramic precursor, to form a ceramic coated fiber.

Abstract: A method of making a doped metal oxide comprises heating a first doped metal oxide with a laser, to form a crystallized doped metal oxide. The crystallized doped metal oxide has a different crystal structure than the first doped metal oxide.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide foam, comprises an open-cell foam containing (a) a dopant metal, (b) a dopant nonmetal, (c) titanium, and (d) oxygen. The foam has the advantages of a high surface area and a low back pressure during dynamic flow applications. The inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was demonstrated in a simple photoreactor.

Abstract: A method of making a doped metal oxide includes heating a first doped metal oxide by rapid thermal annealing, to form a second doped metal oxide. The crystal structure of the second doped metal oxide is different from the crystal structure of the first doped metal oxide. The method may provide a doped titanium oxide, where the atomic ratio of dopant nonmetal to titanium is from 2% to 20%, and at least 10% of the doped titanium oxide is in the rutile phase. The method also can provide a doped tin oxide, where the atomic ratio of dopant nonmetal to tin is from 2% to 20%, and at least 50% of 900 the doped tin oxide is in the rutile phase.

Abstract: Composition production methods are provided that can include providing PdO nanoparticles on a nitrogen-doped titanium oxide surface to form a catalytic mixture. Catalytic compositions and/or bactericides are provided that can include a substrate supporting Ti, O, N, and Pd. Water purification methods are provided that can include exposing an aqueous solution to a composition comprising at least a substrate supporting Ti, O, N, and Pd. Photocatalytic methods are provided that can include: providing a composition comprising one or both of Ti and Pd; exposing the composition to visible radiation to activate the composition; and in the substantial absence of the visible radiation, contacting the composition with an aqueous solution to purify the aqueous solution. Embodiments of the disclosure provide visible light photocatalysts that can demonstrate faster photocatalytic disinfection rates on Escherichia coli (E.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ceramic coated fiber comprises heat treating an activated carbon coated fiber containing a ceramic precursor, to form a ceramic coated fiber.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method of purifying water comprises contacting the water with a quaternary oxide while exposing the quaternary oxide to visible light, the quaternary oxide containing a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal is 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5.

Abstract: A titanium oxide nanoparticle includes anatase titanium oxide, and may be a nanofiber having a minimum dimension less than 200 nanometers and having an aspect ratio greater than 20:1. A titanium oxide nanoparticle including anatase titanium oxide may include a dopant metal and/or a dopant nonmetal, and may be in a form other than a nanosphere. A method of making nanoparticles includes heating a reaction mixture in an autoclave, where the reaction mixture includes a titanium source and a polar organic solvent.

Abstract: A titanium oxide nanoparticle includes anatase titanium oxide, and may be a nanofiber having a minimum dimension less than 200 nanometers and having an aspect ratio greater than 20:1. A titanium oxide nanoparticle including anatase titanium oxide may include a dopant metal and/or a dopant nonmetal, and may be in a form other than a nanosphere. A method of making nanoparticles includes heating a reaction mixture in an autoclave, where the reaction mixture includes a titanium source and a polar organic solvent.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ceramic coated fiber comprises heat treating an activated carbon coated fiber containing a ceramic precursor, to form a ceramic coated fiber.

Abstract: Solder and a method of manufacturing the solder are disclosed wherein powdered free silver is added to a solder alloy with a particle size sufficient to preserve silver metallization during use and with a concentration sufficient to maximize the effectiveness and avoid adverse effects on solder reflow characteristics. Preferably, the particle size is in a range of approximately 5 &mgr;m to 20 &mgr;m and the powdered free silver is added in a concentration of approximately 5% to 10%.