Abstract: The present invention provides an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for increased yield of useful and desirable products. In particular, the process comprises an improved catalytic fast pyrolysis process for producing aromatic compounds, such as, for example, benzene, toluene and xylenes, from biomass feedstock containing impurities, such as, for example alkali and alkaline earth metal, sulfur and nitrogen components.

Abstract: The present invention provides new protease resistant polypeptides, as well as compositions and methods for treating, ameliorating or preventing conditions related to joint damage, including acute joint injury and arthritis.

Abstract: A method for machining a metallic member to provide a finished appearance uses a lathe and a milling process. A metallic member comprising a top portion and a peripheral sidewall is provided, the metallic member is positioned on the worktable. The worktable is rotated with the metallic member, the lathe tool moved backwards and forwards to machine the top portion of the rotary metallic member circumferentially. The lathe tool is moved by the moving device along a predetermined path relative to the worktable to machine curved surfaces of the top portion of the metallic member. After rotation, the milling cutter is rotated, and resists the peripheral sidewall of the metallic member. The milling cutter is moved along a predetermined path, and the milling cutter is fed the metallic member to achieve the required shape and finish.

Abstract: A method of operating a metrology instrument includes generating relative motion between a probe and a sample at a scan frequency using an actuator. The method also includes detecting motion of the actuator using a position sensor that exhibits noise in the detected motion, and controlling the position of the actuator using a feedback loop and a feed forward algorithm. In this embodiment, the controlling step attenuates noise in the actuator position compared to noise exhibited by the position sensor in a bandwidth of about seven times the scan frequency. Scan frequencies up to a third of the first scanner resonance frequency or greater than 300 Hz are possible.

Abstract: A braking mechanism includes a rack, a receiving member, a braking member, a base seat, a resetting member and an elastic member. Two ends of the resetting member abut the base seat and the receiving member, and the elastic member is positioned between the base seat and the braking member. The elastic member and the resetting member are positioned at opposite sides of the braking member. The base seat includes a first guiding portion, the braking member includes a second guiding portion and an engaging part. The second guiding portion is capable of moving along the first guiding portion under an elastic restorative force of the resetting member and the elastic member, such that the engaging part is engaged with the rack.

Abstract: A tool magazine of a machine includes a receiving assembly, a tool bracket, a driving member, and a linking assembly. The receiving assembly defines an opening and includes a mounting gate sealing the opening. The tool bracket is slidably received in the receiving assembly. The driving member is connected to the tool bracket and moves the tool bracket out of the opening. The linking assembly includes a linking member and a first pushing rod. The linking member is fixed to the mounting gate and defines a first pushing groove in its periphery. The first pushing rod slides along the direction of the first pushing groove, causing the mounting gate to rotate open and close.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for automatically controlling and stabilizing aspects of a scanning probe microscope (SPM), such as an atomic force microscope (AFM), using Peak Force Tapping (PFT) Mode. In an embodiment, a controller automatically controls periodic motion of a probe relative to a sample in response to a substantially instantaneous force determined and automatically controls a gain in a feedback loop. A gain control circuit automatically tunes a gain based on separation distances between a probe and a sample to facilitate stability. Accordingly, instability onset is quickly and accurately determined during scanning, thereby eliminating the need of expert user tuning of gains during operation.

Abstract: A method of operating a metrology instrument includes generating relative motion between a probe and a sample at a scan frequency using an actuator. The method also includes detecting motion of the actuator using a position sensor that exhibits noise in the detected motion, and controlling the position of the actuator using a feedback loop and a feed forward algorithm. In this embodiment, the controlling step attenuates noise in the actuator position compared to noise exhibited by the position sensor in a bandwidth of about seven times the scan frequency. Scan frequencies up to a third of the first scanner resonance frequency or greater than 300 Hz are possible.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for automatically controlling and stabilizing aspects of a scanning probe microscope (SPM), such as an atomic force microscope (AFM), using Peak Force Tapping (PFT) Mode. In an embodiment, a controller automatically controls periodic motion of a probe relative to a sample in response to a substantially instantaneous force determined, and automatically controls a gain in a feedback loop. A gain control circuit automatically tunes a gain based on separation distances between a probe and a sample to facilitate stability. Accordingly, instability onset is quickly and accurately determined during scanning, thereby eliminating the need of expert user tuning of gains during operation.

Abstract: Reversible phase transitions of exceptional magnitude may be induced in correlated metal oxides by altering their chemical compositions through reversible introduction of dopant ions and electronic carriers into the correlated metal oxides. One or more catalyst electrodes may be deposited onto a surface of a film of a correlated metal oxide such as a perovskite or a transition metal oxide. Dopant ions and electronic carriers may be electrochemically introduced into the catalyst-deposited correlated metal oxide, for example by annealing the catalyst-deposited film of correlated metal oxide in a chamber containing the dopant molecules. In this way, a reversible phase transition of about five to eight orders of magnitude may be induced.

Abstract: The present invention provides new protease resistant polypeptides, as well as compositions and methods for treating, ameliorating or preventing conditions related to joint damage, including acute joint injury and arthritis.

Abstract: A machine tool with lathe tool and scraping cutter includes a machine support, a worktable, a moving device, a lathe feeding mechanism and a scraping feeding mechanism. The worktable is positioned on the machine support. The moving device is slidably assembled to the machine support along a first direction and located above the worktable. The lathe feeding mechanism and the scraping feeding mechanism are slidably assembled to the moving device along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the lathe feeding mechanism includes a feeding assembly and a lathe tool connected to the feeding assembly, the feeding assembly is configured for driving the lathe tool to move along a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second direction reciprocally, the scraping feeding mechanism includes a scraping cutter and is configured for driving the scraping cutter to move along the third direction.

Abstract: A machine tool with lathe tool and milling cutter includes a machine support, a worktable, a moving device, a lathe feeding mechanism and a milling feeding mechanism. The worktable is positioned on the machine support. The moving device is slidably assembled to the machine support along a first direction and located above the worktable. The lathe feeding mechanism and the milling feeding mechanism are slidably assembled to the moving device along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The lathe feeding mechanism includes a feeding assembly and a lathe tool connected to the feeding assembly. The feeding assembly is configured for driving the lathe tool to move along a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second direction reciprocally, the milling feeding mechanism includes a milling cutter and is configured for driving the milling cutter to move along the third direction.

Abstract: A feeding device includes a tool holder, a cutter, a feeding mechanism and a mounting seat. The cutter is positioned on the tool holder. The mounting seat has at least one guiding portion. The tool holder is engaged with the at least one guiding portion. The feeding mechanism drives the tool holder and the cutter to controllably reciprocate along the at least one gliding portion.

Abstract: A milling method for machining a metallic member to provide a finished appearance is provided. A metallic member is positioned on a worktable. The metallic member includes a top portion and a peripheral sidewall. The peripheral sidewall includes an end edge. After rotation, the milling cutter is rotated and resists the peripheral sidewall of the metallic member. The milling cutter is moved along a predetermined path, and the milling cutter machines the metallic member to achieve a required shape and finish. The worktable rotates the metallic member to enable the end edge of the peripheral sidewall to face the milling cutter, and the milling cutter chamfers the end edge along a predetermined path, while simultaneously controlling a feed of the milling cutter relative to the metallic member.

Abstract: Systems and methods for real-time target validation during radiation treatment therapy based on real-time target displacement and radiation dosimetry measurements.

Abstract: A lathe includes a machine support, a work table, a moving device and a feeding device. The work table is rotatably positioned on the machine support for driving a workpiece placed on the work table to rotate. The moving device is movably mounted, slidably on the machine support along a first direction above the work table. The feeding device is slidably positioned on the moving device along a second direction vertical to the first direction, the feeding device includes a cutter. The feeding device drives the cutter backwards and forwards under precise control at high speed along a third orthogonal direction for machining the workpiece.

Abstract: Methods of separating and utilizing char produced by the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the char from a catalytic pyrolysis reactor is recovered and treated and combusted to provide heat to the catalytic pyrolysis reactor. A novel char and methods of amending soil with a char composition are also described.

Abstract: Provided are an indoor wireless positioning system and method capable of more accurately performing indoor wireless positioning by predicting signal attenuation due to a floor or wall within a multi-floor building. The indoor wireless positioning method includes calculating floor loss information of a floor on which the user terminal is located within the building, a higher floor, and a lower floor, calculating the floor on which the user terminal is located by comparing the calculated floor loss information to pre-stored previous floor loss information, calculating information about wall loss in the floor on which the user terminal is located, and acquiring position information on a horizontal plane of the user terminal according to received signal strength of the user terminal and the information about the wall loss. When the position of the user terminal is detected, detection accuracy is improved and more efficient wireless positioning is possible.

Abstract: Semiconductor metrology systems based on directing radiation on a wafer, detecting second harmonic generated (SHG) radiation from the wafer and correlating the second harmonic generated (SHG) signal to one or more electrical properties of the wafer are disclosed. The disclosure also includes parsing the SHG signal to remove contribution to the SHG signal from one or more material properties of the sample such as thickness. Systems and methods described herein include machine learning methodologies to automatically classify obtained SHG signal data from the wafer based on an electrical property of the wafer.