Abstract: An interconnect structure comprises a first dielectric layer, a first metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a metal via, and a second metal layer. The first dielectric layer is over a substrate. The first metal layer is over the first dielectric layer. The first metal layer comprises a first portion and a second portion spaced apart from the first portion. The second dielectric layer is over the first metal layer. The metal via has an upper portion in the second dielectric layer, a middle portion between the first and second portions of the first metal layer, and a lower portion in the first dielectric layer. The second metal layer is over the metal via. From a top view the second metal layer comprises a metal line having longitudinal sides respectively set back from opposite sides of the first portion of the first metal layer.

Abstract: A sense amplifier circuit includes a sense amplifier, a switch and a temperature compensation circuit. The temperature compensation circuit provides a control signal having a positive temperature coefficient, based on which the switch provides reference impedance for temperature compensation. The sense amplifier includes a first input end coupled to a target bit and a second input end coupled to the switch. The sense amplifier outputs a sense amplifier signal based on the reference impedance and the impedance of the target bit.

Abstract: A bottom-pinned spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) is provided in the present invention, including a substrate, a bottom electrode layer on the substrate, a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) on the bottom electrode layer, a spin-orbit torque (SOT) layer on the MTJ, a capping layer on the SOT layer, and an injection layer on the capping layer, wherein the injection layer is divided into individual first part and second part, and the first part and the second part are connected respectively with two ends of the capping layer.

Abstract: Biological weapons are any infectious agent such as a bacteria or virus when used intentionally to inflict harm upon others. This definition is often expanded to include biologically-derived toxins and poisons. Biological warfare agents include both living microorganisms (bacteria, protozoa, rickettsia, viruses, and fungi), and toxins (chemicals) produced by microorganisms, plants, or animals. Ultraviolet (UV) light, which at select wavelengths of energy, is immensely germicidal. Chemicals also denature proteins and nucleic acids of all bacterial and virus. Set UV light and chemicals as disinfection's tool which against bacterial and viruses in inside of Mailbox to secure mails and posters which delivered by outside will be disinfected. The Safe Mailbox is a very important tool that protect innocent people from bioterrorism at individual family level.