Abstract: A positive electrode material, including a substrate and a first region located on a surface of the substrate, where a molar ratio of iodine element to nickel element in the first region is 0.25 to 1.5. In this application, iodine ion lattice doping is introduced into the surface layer of the positive electrode material, so that the structural stability of the positive electrode material under high temperatures and high voltages and the kinetic performance under large-rate charge/discharge conditions are effectively improved, thereby reducing gas production in high-temperature and high-voltage storage and temperature rise under large-rate charge/discharge conditions of the electrochemical device, and improving the comprehensive performance of the electrochemical device.

Abstract: A second gate in an Ion Mobility Spectrometer is used to select or block different time windows of the ion mobility spectrum. A second gate in the Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer is used to modulate peak intensities in the IMS spectrum, allowing each peak in the IMS spectrum to be unambiguously matched with its set of fragment ions in a subsequent MS-MS mass spectrum.

Abstract: A second gate in an Ion Mobility Spectrometer is used to select or block different time windows of the ion mobility spectrum. A second gate in the Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer is used to modulate peak intensities in the IMS spectrum, allowing each peak in the IMS spectrum to be unambiguously matched with its set of fragment ions in a subsequent MS-MS mass spectrum.