Abstract: The disclosure provides a precursor solution, a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The solute of the precursor solution includes a metal halide, the solvent of the precursor solution is an organic solvent, and the precursor solution contains nanobubbles, which have a diameter not more than 1000 nm, and the zeta potential of the precursor solution does not exceed-20 mV. The method of preparing the precursor solution includes: (1) preparing an organic solvent containing nanobubbles; (2) dissolving a solute in the organic solvent containing nanobubbles. The precursor solution of the disclosure has a very low zeta potential, and the nanobubbles can exist stably in the organic solvent(s) for up to one month. When comparing with traditional methods for preparing the precursor solution of the perovskite cells, the method for preparing the precursor solution of the disclosure can effectively improve the stability, reproducibility and solubility of the metal halide in the organic solvent(s).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for integrated utilization of a calcium chloride solution and CO2. In this method, with the calcium chloride solution and the CO2 being taken as raw materials, a water-soluble amine is added as an auxiliary agent to promote the occurrence of a mineralization reaction. As a result of crystallization following the reaction, calcium carbonate and a solution of a hydrochloride of the water-soluble amine are obtained. After the reaction is completed, the water-soluble amine is regenerated by subjecting a liquid phase resulting from separation to bipolar membrane electrodialysis, and dilute hydrochloric acid is obtained as a by-product at the same time. The method provides a novel perspective and approach to integrated utilization of calcium chloride-containing liquid waste and flue gas CO2. The water-soluble amine allows excellent mineralization, and the bipolar membrane electrodialysis enables excellent regeneration of the amine.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for recycling a spent lithium-ion battery, including the following steps: sandwiching a cathode of the spent lithium-ion battery with a conductive acid-resistant material as a cathode of a primary battery system; sandwiching an anode of the spent lithium-ion battery with a conductive acid-resistant material as an anode of the primary battery system; injecting an acid solution into a chamber of the primary battery system; and carrying out, after an electrochemical reaction is completed, solid-liquid separation on a mixed liquor in the chamber. The present invention further discloses an electrochemical system for recycling a spent lithium-ion battery. The method for recycling a spent lithium-ion battery in the present invention requires only dismantlement of cathode and anode materials, without a series of complex pretreatment operations on the cathode materials of the spent lithium-ion battery.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a precursor solution, a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The solute of the precursor solution includes a metal halide, the solvent of the precursor solution is an organic solvent, and the precursor solution contains nanobubbles, which have a diameter not more than 1000 nm, and the zeta potential of the precursor solution does not exceed ?20 mV. The method of preparing the precursor solution includes: (1) preparing an organic solvent containing nanobubbles; (2) dissolving a solute in the organic solvent containing nanobubbles. The precursor solution of the disclosure has a very low zeta potential, and the nanobubbles can exist stably in the organic solvent(s) for up to one month. When comparing with traditional methods for preparing the precursor solution of the perovskite cells, the method for preparing the precursor solution of the disclosure can effectively improve the stability, reproducibility and solubility of the metal halide in the organic solvent(s).

Abstract: Macrolide compound and its use of treatment chronic respiratory disease are provided. Specifically, the macrolide compound is of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers and application thereof are effective in treating chronic respiratory disease.

Abstract: A circuit and method of analog data acquisition synchronization from an analog sensor in multiple channels associated with a USB hub. An analog to digital converter connected to the sensor that is part of a USB device has a time and phase corrected sampling clock that is referenced to a start-of-frame traffic signal with a preconfigured message indicating a time offset or delay seen upstream through a USB port. A plurality of similar devices are autonomously synchronized by the same message for multi-channel data acquisition by a locally generated trigger signal that allows a preset amount of delay set by the message. An accelerometer is a preferred sensor for such multi-channel data acquisition.

Abstract: A circuit and method of analog data acquisition synchronization from an analog sensor in multiple channels associated with a USB hub. An analog to digital converter connected to the sensor that is part of a USB device has a time and phase corrected sampling clock that is referenced to a start-of-frame traffic signal with a preconfigured message indicating a time offset or delay seen upstream through a USB port. A plurality of similar devices are autonomously synchronized by the same message for multi-channel data acquisition by a locally generated trigger signal that allows a preset amount of delay set by the message. An accelerometer is a preferred sensor for such multi-channel data acquisition.

Abstract: A circuit and method of analog data acquisition synchronization from an analog sensor in multiple channels associated with a USB hub. An analog to digital converter connected to the sensor that is part of a USB device has a time and phase corrected sampling clock that is referenced to a start-of-frame traffic signal with a preconfigured message indicating a time offset or delay seen upstream through a USB port. A plurality of similar devices are autonomously synchronized by the same message for multi-channel data acquisition by a locally generated trigger signal that allows a preset amount of delay set by the message. An accelerometer is a preferred sensor for such multi-channel data acquisition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pulse width control device, including: a first monostable multivibrator, for receiving a synchronization pulse, and generating a negative pulse whose width is a first preset threshold; a second monostable multivibrator, for receiving the synchronization pulse, and generating a positive pulse whose width is a second preset threshold; an inverter, for receiving the synchronization pulse, and inverting the synchronization pulse, and outputting an inverted synchronization pulse; and a flip-flop, for receiving the negative pulse, the positive pulse and the inverted synchronization pulse, and generating a synchronization pulse with a width between the first threshold and the second threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pulse width control device, including: a first monostable multivibrator, for receiving a synchronization pulse, and generating a negative pulse whose width is a first preset threshold; a second monostable multivibrator, for receiving the synchronization pulse, and generating a positive pulse whose width is a second preset threshold; an inverter, for receiving the synchronization pulse, and inverting the synchronization pulse, and outputting an inverted synchronization pulse; and a flip-flop, for receiving the negative pulse, the positive pulse and the inverted synchronization pulse, and generating a synchronization pulse with a width between the first threshold and the second threshold.

Abstract: The present application discloses trapezoidal fire pulse generating methods and devices. According to the devices and methods of the present application, the voltage value of the positive DC control voltage signal, the voltage value of the negative DC control voltage signal, the voltage value of the rise-time DC control voltage signal and a fall-time DC control voltage signal can be determined according to the parameter values of a trapezoidal fire pulse required to be output. Thus, corresponding DC control voltage signals can be generated. Further, the positive DC control voltage signal and the negative DC control voltage signal can be modulated to a square-wave pulse. Then, the rise-time DC control voltage signal, the fall-time DC control voltage signal and the square-wave pulse can be input to a inverse integrator so as to generate a trapezoidal fire pulse.

Abstract: A method for surface and subsurface grain refining of a bulk hydrogen-absorbing metal includes the steps of cathodically charging the bulk hydrogen-absorbing metal with an electric current in the presence of a source of hydrogen to hydride the hydrogen-absorbing metal, and, changing polarity of the electric current to dehydride the hydrogen-absorbing metal. The method results in improvement to hardness and/or wear resistance of the metal, particularly titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V. Metals treated with this method are particularly useful for medical implants and vehicle parts in which improved hardness and/or wear resistance is required.