Abstract: A method for inspection and defect identification of a water supply pipe network based on an image processing technology is provided. The method includes the following steps: S1, acquiring multi-band image data on a surface of a pipe network; S2, performing edge detection under geometric constraints on an enhanced image; S3, performing meshing division at equidistant detection units along an axial direction of a pipe; S4, performing multi-dimensional feature fusion extraction on each detection unit; S5, outputting a defect type and a quantitative parameter with confidence through a pre-trained defect classification model; and S6, generating a health state distribution map of the pipe network with spatial coordinate mapping according to a defect identification result of each detection unit.