Abstract: The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting (OSC) compounds containing one or more ester-substituted 4,8-dithiophenyl-benzodithiophene units or derivatives thereof, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds and compositions as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE devices comprising these compounds or compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting (OSC) compounds containing one or more ester-substituted 4,8-dithiophenyl-benzodithiophene units or derivatives thereof, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds and compositions as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE devices comprising these compounds or compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and modem for adjusting a modulation mode. In embodiments of the present invention, a first modem generates indication information according to a current working first modulation mode, so that the first modem can send the indication information to a second modem through a data frame. Therefore, the second modem adjusts a current working second modulation mode of the second modem according to the indication information, so that the adjusted second modulation mode is consistent with the first modulation mode. Therefore, the problem of complex operations in the prior art, caused by that an operator configures a modulation mode of a second modem as a current working modulation mode of a peer modem, that is, a first modem, can be avoided, and efficiency of network deployment can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phase jump detection method, apparatus, and system. In embodiments of the present invention, by collecting N frequency control words, a phase jump in an intermediate frequency signal is detected according to the N frequency control words. An extra phase jump meter is not required, and therefore detection may be supported on massive microwave communication devices, thereby improving the detection efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phase jump detection method, apparatus, and system. In embodiments of the present invention, by collecting N frequency control words, a phase jump in an intermediate frequency signal is detected according to the N frequency control words. An extra phase jump meter is not required, and therefore detection may be supported on massive microwave communication devices, thereby improving the detection efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and modem for adjusting a modulation mode. In embodiments of the present invention, a first modem generates indication information according to a current working first modulation mode, so that the first modem can send the indication information to a second modem through a data frame. Therefore, the second modem adjusts a current working second modulation mode of the second modem according to the indication information, so that the adjusted second modulation mode is consistent with the first modulation mode. Therefore, the problem of complex operations in the prior art, caused by that an operator configures a modulation mode of a second modem as a current working modulation mode of a peer modem, that is, a first modem, can be avoided, and efficiency of network deployment can be improved.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a series of conjugated polymers used, among other things, as polymer solar cell or polymer photovoltaic device active layer materials, is provided. In one embodiment, the conjugated polymers have the general structure and formula shown in (I), wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from proton, halogens, alkyls, aryls and substituted aryls; Ar is selected from the group consisting of monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic arylene, or monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic heteroarylene. In another embodiment, the conjugated photovoltaic polymers are comprised of repeated units having the general structure of formula (II), wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from proton, alkyls, halogens, aryls, substituted aryls, and other kinds of substituents.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to setting the iteration count of a Cordic module as a function of a signal characteristic of an input signal provided to the Cordic module.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a series of conjugated polymers used, among other things, as polymer solar cell or polymer photovoltaic device active layer materials, is provided. In one embodiment, the conjugated polymers have the general structure and formula shown in (I), wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from proton, halogens, alkyls, aryls and substituted aryls; Ar is selected from the group consisting of monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic arylene, or monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic heteroarylene. In another embodiment, the conjugated photovoltaic polymers are comprised of repeated units having the general structure of formula (II), wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from proton, alkyls, halogens, aryls, substituted aryls, and other kinds of substituents.

Abstract: A conjugated polymer has a repeated unit having the structure of formula (I) wherein A1, A2, R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a proton, an alkyl group comprising up to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group comprising up to 18 carbon atoms, cyano, nitro, aryls and substituted aryls, and wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of ethenylene, ethynylene, monocyclic arylene, bicyclic arylene, polycyclic arylene, monocyclic heteroarylene, bicyclic heteroarylene, polycyclic heteroarylene, and one to five such groups one of fused or linked.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for determining a carrier-to-noise power density ratio (CN0) of a spread spectrum signal. The apparatus includes a signal power calculation unit and a conversion unit. The signal power calculation unit determines a signal power indicator indicative of a signal to noise ratio of the spread spectrum signal. The conversion unit is coupled to the signal power calculation unit and stores a lookup table representing a relationship between the signal power indicator and the carrier-to-noise power density ratio. The conversion unit is operable for converting the signal power indicator to the carrier-to-noise power density ratio according to the lookup table.

Abstract: A conjugated polymer has a repeated unit having the structure of formula (I) where in n is an integer greater than 1, R1 and R2 are independently selected from alkyl groups with up to 18C atoms, aryls and substituted aryls, and wherein Ar is selected from monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic arylene, or monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic heteroarylene, or may contain one to five such groups, either fused or linked.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a series of conjugated polymers used, among other things, as polymer solar cell or polymer photovoltaic device active layer materials, is provided. In one embodiment, the conjugated polymers have the general structure and formula shown in (I), wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from proton, halogens, alkyls, aryls and substituted aryls; Ar is selected from the group consisting of monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic arylene, or monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic heteroarylene. In another embodiment, the conjugated photovoltaic polymers are comprised of repeated units having the general structure of formula (II), wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from proton, alkyls, halogens, aryls, substituted aryls, and other kinds of substituents.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting lock status of a spread spectrum signal, having a first accumulator, a first calculation unit, a second calculation unit, a second accumulator, a multiplier and a comparator. The first accumulator accumulates an in-phase integration result and a quadrature integration result over a time period. The first calculation unit determines a first evaluation value based on the accumulated in-phase integration result and the accumulated quadrature integration result. The second calculation unit processes the in-phase integration result and the quadrature integration result. The second accumulator accumulates the output of the second calculation unit over the time period. The multiplier determines a second evaluation value by multiplying the accumulated result from the second accumulator with a predetermined value. The comparator compares the first and second evaluation results wherein the comparison result is an indicator of the lock status.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to setting the iteration count of a Cordic module as a function of a signal characteristic of an input signal provided to the Cordic module.

Abstract: A conjugated polymer has a repeated unit having the structure of formula (I) wherein A1, A2, R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a proton, an alkyl group comprising up to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group comprising up to 18 carbon atoms, cyano, nitro, aryls and substituted aryls, and wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of ethenylene, ethynylene, monocyclic arylene, bicyclic arylene, polycyclic arylene, monocyclic heteroarylene, bicyclic heteroarylene, polycyclic heteroarylene, and one to five such groups one of fused or linked.

Abstract: A method for estimating signal quality of a spread spectrum signal is provided. The method includes squaring a plurality of in-phase correlation results and a plurality of quadrature correlation results, summing each squared in-phase correlation result and the corresponding correlation result to obtain a plurality of sum-of-square values, detecting a peak value among the plurality of sum-of-square results, calculating an average of non-peak values among the plurality of sum-of-square results. The peak value is regarded as a signal power value, while the averaged non-peak values are regarded as an average noise power value. A signal-to-noise ratio is then calculated based on the signal power value and the average noise power value. A method for determining the parameters for the tracking loop is also provided. The method includes estimating the signal-to-noise ratio of the spread spectrum signal, and determining the tracking loop parameters based on the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for determining a carrier-to-noise power density ratio (CN0) of a spread spectrum signal. The apparatus includes a signal power calculation unit and a conversion unit. The signal power calculation unit determines a signal power indicator indicative of a signal to noise ratio of the spread spectrum signal. The conversion unit is coupled to the signal power calculation unit and stores a lookup table representing a relationship between the signal power indicator and the carrier-to-noise power density ratio. The conversion unit is operable for converting the signal power indicator to the carrier-to-noise power density ratio according to the lookup table.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting lock status of a spread spectrum signal, having a first accumulator, a first calculation unit, a second calculation unit, a second accumulator, a multiplier and a comparator. The first accumulator accumulates an in-phase integration result and a quadrature integration result over a time period. The first calculation unit determines a first evaluation value based on the accumulated in-phase integration result and the accumulated quadrature integration result. The second calculation unit processes the in-phase integration result and the quadrature integration result. The second accumulator accumulates the output of the second calculation unit over the time period. The multiplier determines a second evaluation value by multiplying the accumulated result from the second accumulator with a predetermined value. The comparator compares the first and second evaluation results wherein the comparison result is an indicator of the lock status.

Abstract: A method for estimating signal quality of a spread spectrum signal is provided. The method includes squaring a plurality of in-phase correlation results and a plurality of quadrature correlation results, summing each squared in-phase correlation result and the corresponding correlation result to obtain a plurality of sum-of-square values, detecting a peak value among the plurality of sum-of-square results, calculating an average of non-peak values among the plurality of sum-of-square results. The peak value is regarded as a signal power value, while the averaged non-peak values are regarded as an average noise power value. A signal-to-noise ratio is then calculated based on the signal power value and the average noise power value. A method for determining the parameters for the tracking loop is also provided. The method includes estimating the signal-to-noise ratio of the spread spectrum signal, and determining the tracking loop parameters based on the signal-to-noise ratio.