Abstract: A multifunctional ranging telescope includes a main body, a wind direction and wind speed sensing device, a display device and a power source. The wind direction and wind speed sensing device is movably connected to the main body and includes a sensing element. When the wind direction and wind speed sensing device moves to a sensing position, the sensing element is located outside the main body. The display device is located on a surface of the main body and electrically connected to the wind direction and wind speed sensing device to display a wind direction and wind speed information. The power source is configured to supply power to the wind direction and wind speed sensing device and the display device.

Abstract: An optical element includes a substrate, an intermediate layer, a topmost layer, and a contiguous multitude of recessed and non-recessed areal regions. The intermediate layer is formed over a top surface of the substrate and has a refractive index nI. The topmost layer is formed directly on the intermediate layer and has a refractive index nT where nT?nI. The intermediate and topmost layers are substantially transparent over an operational wavelength range that includes a design wavelength ?0. A subset of areal regions has a largest transverse dimension less than about ?0. Each non-recessed areal region includes corresponding portions of the intermediate and topmost layers. Each recessed areal region extends entirely through the topmost layer and at least partly through the intermediate layer. A fill medium fills the recessed areal regions. The areal regions are variously sized and distributed transversely across the optical element.

Abstract: An optical element includes a substrate, an intermediate layer, a topmost layer, and a contiguous multitude of recessed and non-recessed areal regions. The intermediate layer is formed over a top surface of the substrate and has a refractive index nI. The topmost layer is formed directly on the intermediate layer and has a refractive index nT where nT=nI. The intermediate and topmost layers are substantially transparent over an operational wavelength range that includes a design wavelength ?0. A subset of areal regions has a largest transverse dimension less than about ?0. Each non-recessed areal region includes corresponding portions of the intermediate and topmost layers. Each recessed areal region extends entirely through the topmost layer and at least partly through the intermediate layer. A fill medium fills the recessed areal regions. The areal regions are variously sized and distributed transversely across the optical element.

Abstract: An optical element includes a substrate, an intermediate layer, a topmost layer, and a contiguous multitude of recessed and non-recessed areal regions. The intermediate layer is formed over a top surface of the substrate and has a refractive index nI. The topmost layer is formed directly on the intermediate layer and has a refractive index nT where nT?nI. The intermediate and topmost layers are substantially transparent over an operational wavelength range that includes a design wavelength ?0. A subset of areal regions has a largest transverse dimension less than about ?0. Each non-recessed areal region includes corresponding portions of the intermediate and topmost layers. Each recessed areal region extends entirely through the topmost layer and at least partly through the intermediate layer. A fill medium fills the recessed areal regions. The areal regions are variously sized and distributed transversely across the optical element.

Abstract: An incident optical beam illuminates a subset of contiguous array of diffraction gratings on a substrate and produces one or more diffracted output beams. The grating array can be arranged so that (i) multiple incident beams result in a contiguous composite solid angle of far-field illumination, (ii) multiple output beams arising from any one incident beam do not overlap in the far field, or (iii) both. The gratings of the array can be arranged to produce a desired far-field illumination intensity profile. The grating array can be arranged so as to suppress or eliminate laser speckle arising from the output beams.

Abstract: An incident optical beam illuminates a subset of contiguous array of diffraction gratings on a substrate and produces one or more diffracted output beams. The grating array can be arranged so that (i) multiple incident beams result in a contiguous composite solid angle of far-field illumination, (ii) multiple output beams arising from any one incident beam do not overlap in the far field, or (iii) both. The gratings of the array can be arranged to produce a desired far-field illumination intensity profile. The grating array can be arranged so as to suppress or eliminate laser speckle arising from the output beams.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a distance measuring device configured to measure a distance between an initial position and a target position, the distance measuring device includes: a marking assembly configured to generate a mark on the initial position as a first measuring datum and a measuring structure configured to measure the distance between the initial position and the target position according to the first measuring datum. The present disclosure further provides a distance measuring method.

Abstract: A double-end laser rangefinder includes a ranging board, a control board, a key board which are integrated to form a mainboard. Two lens mounting bases are coaxially mounted at two ends of a main frame. First end and second end with lens-mounting bases are coaxially mounted in the main frame. Two lens groups are mounted on the two lens-mounting bases respectively. Each lens group includes a transmitting lens and a receiving lens. The receiving lenses on the first end and the second end are coaxial, the transmitting lenses on the first end and the second end are also coaxial. Coaxial arrangement of light paths of the two transmitting lenses and the two receiving lenses is realized through the main frame.

Abstract: Certain examples are directed to optical elements or devices that pass or process the light based on a set of connectable metasurface elements having been topology optimized. The connectable metasurface elements are independently optimized or designed to have each section having its own metasurface phase profile corresponding to a desired phase profile. In this way, such devices need not be designed or manufactured by importing a large number of results into simulation efforts, thereby realizing significant saving in terms of optimization time and computational power.

Abstract: A multifunctional ranging telescope includes a main body, a wind direction and wind speed sensing device, a display device and a power source. The wind direction and wind speed sensing device is movably connected to the main body and includes a sensing element. When the wind direction and wind speed sensing device moves to a sensing position, the sensing element is located outside the main body. The display device is located on a surface of the main body and electrically connected to the wind direction and wind speed sensing device to display a wind direction and wind speed information. The power source is configured to supply power to the wind direction and wind speed sensing device and the display device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe waveguides having device structures with multiple portions and methods of forming the waveguide having multiportion device structures. The plurality of device structures are formed having two or more portions. The materials of the plurality of portions are chosen such that impedance matching is enabled between the portions to reduce reflection of light from the optical device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to metasurface devices and methods of forming metasurfaces. The metasurface devices include a plurality of device structures. Each of the device structures are formed from multiple layers, at least one of which is an impedance matching layer. The impedance matching layer may be formed as either an inner impedance matching layer between the substrate and the device layer or as a separate outer impedance matching layer on top of the device layer. The refractive indices of the impedance matching layers are chosen to be between the refractive index of the mediums on either side of the impedance matching layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a plurality of gratings for an optical device structure are provided. The method utilizes a high refractive index material and a metallic coating.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure waveguides having device structures with a metallized portion and a method of forming the waveguide having device structures with the metallized portion are described herein. The plurality of device structures are formed having a device portion and a metallized portion. The metallized portion is disposed over at least a device portion surface of the device portion such that a plurality of gaps are disposed between the plurality of device structures.

Abstract: An optical element includes a substrate, an intermediate layer, a topmost layer, and a contiguous multitude of recessed and non-recessed areal regions. The intermediate layer is formed over a top surface of the substrate and has a refractive index ?I. The topmost layer is formed directly on the intermediate layer and has a refractive index ?T where ?T ? ?I. The intermediate and topmost layers are substantially transparent over an operational wavelength range that includes a design wavelength ?0. A subset of areal regions has a largest transverse dimension less than about ?0. Each non-recessed areal region includes corresponding portions of the intermediate and topmost layers. Each recessed areal region extends entirely through the topmost layer and at least partly through the intermediate layer. A fill medium fills the recessed areal regions. The areal regions are variously sized and distributed transversely across the optical element.