Abstract: A delignified wood material is formed by removing substantially all of the lignin from natural wood. The resulting delignified wood retains cellulose-based lumina of the natural wood, with nanofibers of the cellulose microfibrils being substantially aligned along a common direction. The unique microstructure and composition of the delignified wood can provide advantageous thermal insulation and mechanical properties, among other advantages described herein. The thermal and mechanical properties of the delignified wood material can be tailored by pressing or densifying the delignified wood, with increased densification yielding improved strength and thermal conductivity. The chemical composition of the delignified wood also offers unique optical properties that enable passive cooling under solar illumination.

Abstract: A super strong and tough densified wood structure is formed by subjecting a cellulose-based natural wood material to a chemical treatment that partially removes lignin therefrom. The treated wood retains lumina of the natural wood, with cellulose nanofibers of cell walls being aligned. The treated wood is then pressed in a direction crossing the direction in which the lumina extend, such that the lumina collapse and any residual fluid within the wood is removed. As a result, the cell walls become entangled and hydrogen bonds are formed between adjacent cellulose nanofibers, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the wood among other mechanical properties. By further modifying, manipulating, or machining the densified wood, it can be adapted to various applications.

Abstract: A super strong and tough densified wood structure is formed by subjecting a cellulose-based natural wood material to a chemical treatment that partially removes lignin therefrom. The treated wood retains lumina of the natural wood, with cellulose nanofibers of cell walls being aligned. The treated wood is then pressed in a direction crossing the direction in which the lumina extend, such that the lumina collapse and any residual fluid within the wood is removed. As a result, the cell walls become entangled and hydrogen bonds are formed between adjacent cellulose nanofibers, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the wood among other mechanical properties. By further modifying, manipulating, or machining the densified wood, it can be adapted to various applications.

Abstract: A flexible structure is formed by subjecting cellulose-based natural wood material to a chemical treatment that partially removes hemicellulose and lignin therefrom. The treated wood has a unique 3-D porous structure with numerous channels, excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, and improved flexibility as compared to the natural wood. By further modifying the treated wood, the structure can be adapted to particular applications. For example, nanoparticles, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, or any other coating or material can be added to the treated wood to form a hybrid structure. In some embodiments, open lumina within the structure can be at least partially filled with a non-wood substance, such as a flexible polymer, or with entangled cellulose nanofibers.

Abstract: A flexible structure is formed by subjecting cellulose-based natural wood material to a chemical treatment that partially removes hemicellulose and lignin therefrom. The treated wood has a unique 3-D porous structure with numerous channels, excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, and improved flexibility as compared to the natural wood. By further modifying the treated wood, the structure can be adapted to particular applications. For example, nanoparticles, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, or any other coating or material can be added to the treated wood to form a hybrid structure. In some embodiments, open lumina within the structure can be at least partially filled with a non-wood substance, such as a flexible polymer, or with entangled cellulose nanofibers.

Abstract: Highly transparent (up to 92% light transmittance) wood composites have been developed. The process of fabricating the transparent wood composites includes lignin removal followed by index-matching polymer infiltration resulted in fabrication of the transparent wood composites with preserved naturally aligned nanoscale fibers. The thickness of the transparent wood composite can be tailored by controlling the thickness of the initial wood substrate. The optical transmittance can be tailored by selecting infiltrating polymers with different refractive indices. The transparent wood composites have a range of applications in biodegradable electronics, optoelectronics, as well as structural and energy efficient building materials. By coating the transparent wood composite layer on the surface of GaAs thin film solar cell, an 18% enhancement in the overall energy conversion efficiency has been attained.

Abstract: A super strong and tough densified wood structure is formed by subjecting a cellulose-based natural wood material to a chemical treatment that partially removes lignin therefrom. The treated wood retains lumina of the natural wood, with cellulose nanofibers of cell walls being aligned. The treated wood is then pressed in a direction crossing the direction in which the lumina extend, such that the lumina collapse and any residual fluid within the wood is removed. As a result, the cell walls become entangled and hydrogen bonds are formed between adjacent cellulose nanofibers, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the wood among other mechanical properties. By further modifying, manipulating, or machining the densified wood, it can be adapted to various applications.

Abstract: A super strong and tough densified wood structure is formed by subjecting a cellulose-based natural wood material to a chemical treatment that partially removes lignin therefrom. The treated wood retains lumina of the natural wood, with cellulose nanofibers of cell walls being aligned. The treated wood is then pressed in a direction crossing the direction in which the lumina extend, such that the lumina collapse and any residual fluid within the wood is removed. As a result, the cell walls become entangled and hydrogen bonds are formed between adjacent cellulose nanofibers, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the wood among other mechanical properties. By further modifying, manipulating, or machining the densified wood, it can be adapted to various applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a PCB winding transformer. The PCB winding transformer includes a magnetic core and a coil board with a multilayer structure. The coil board includes a primary coil and a secondary coil wound around a magnetic core column of the magnetic core. The secondary coil is located in a first layer and a last layer, and the primary coil is located in intermediate layers. The number of turns of the secondary coil is less than that of the primary coil. At least one via hole for connecting the first layer and the last layer of the secondary coil is disposed in the coil board between an inner side of the primary coil and the magnetic core column.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a PCB winding transformer and a coil board thereof. The PCB winding transformer comprises a coil board and a magnetic core. The coil board includes a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil and the secondary coil are wound around a magnetic core column of the magnetic core. At least two via holes which correspond to the primary coil and the secondary coil respectively are disposed in the coil board. In the primary coil and the secondary coil, the via hole corresponding to the coil with less turns is disposed between an inner side of the coil with more turns and the magnetic core column.

Abstract: Highly transparent (up to 92% light transmittance) wood composites have been developed. The process of fabricating the transparent wood composites includes lignin removal followed by index-matching polymer infiltration resulted in fabrication of the transparent wood composites with preserved naturally aligned nanoscale fibers. The thickness of the transparent wood composite can be tailored by controlling the thickness of the initial wood substrate. The optical transmittance can be tailored by selecting infiltrating polymers with different refractive indices. The transparent wood composites have a range of applications in biodegradable electronics, optoelectronics, as well as structural and energy efficient building materials. By coating the transparent wood composite layer on the surface of GaAs thin film solar cell, an 18% enhancement in the overall energy conversion efficiency has been attained.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for monitoring and reconstructing a software-defined PLC are provided. The method includes: upon monitoring a PLC fails, obtaining, by a soft guardian, an operating state of each physical core on each server in a server cluster, and an operating state of each micro kernel on the each physical core; determining a target micro kernel according to the operating state of each physical core on each server, and the operating state of each micro kernel on each physical core; and transmitting a reconstruction instruction to the target micro kernel to instruct the virtual PLC to be reconstructed on the target micro kernel.

Abstract: A flexible structure is formed by subjecting cellulose-based natural wood material to a chemical treatment that partially removes hemicellulose and lignin therefrom. The treated wood has a unique 3-D porous structure with numerous channels, excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, and improved flexibility as compared to the natural wood. By further modifying the treated wood, the structure can be adapted to particular applications. For example, nanoparticles, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, or any other coating or material can be added to the treated wood to form a hybrid structure. In some embodiments, open lumina with-in the structure can be at least partially filled with a non-wood substance, such as a flexible polymer, or with entangled cellulose nanofibers.

Abstract: A delignified wood material is formed by removing substantially all of the lignin from natural wood. The resulting delignified wood retains cellulose-based lumina of the natural wood, with nanofibers of the cellulose microfibrils being substantially aligned along a common direction. The unique microstructure and composition of the delignified wood can provide advantageous thermal insulation and mechanical properties, among other advantages described herein. The thermal and mechanical properties of the delignified wood material can be tailored by pressing or densifying the delignified wood, with increased densification yielding improved strength and thermal conductivity. The chemical composition of the delignified wood also offers unique optical properties that enable passive cooling under solar illumination.

Abstract: A super strong and tough densified wood structure is formed by subjecting a cellulose-based natural wood material to a chemical treatment that partially removes lignin therefrom. The treated wood retains lumina of the natural wood, with cellulose nanofibers of cell walls being aligned. The treated wood is then pressed in a direction crossing the direction in which the lumina extend, such that the lumina collapse and any residual fluid within the wood is removed. As a result, the cell walls become entangled and hydrogen bonds are formed between adjacent cellulose nanofibers, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the wood among other mechanical properties. By further modifying, manipulating, or machining the densified wood, it can be adapted to various applications.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for monitoring and reconstructing a software-defined PLC are provided. The method includes: upon monitoring a PLC fails, obtaining, by a soft guardian, an operating state of each physical core on each server in a server cluster, and an operating state of each micro kernel on the each physical core; determining a target micro kernel according to the operating state of each physical core on each server, and the operating state of each micro kernel on each physical core; and transmitting a reconstruction instruction to the target micro kernel to instruct the virtual PLC to be reconstructed on the target micro kernel.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a PCB winding transformer and a coil board thereof. The PCB winding transformer comprises a coil board and a magnetic core. The coil board includes a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil and the secondary coil are wound around a magnetic core column of the magnetic core. At least two via holes which correspond to the primary coil and the secondary coil respectively are disposed in the coil board. In the primary coil and the secondary coil, the via hole corresponding to the coil with less turns is disposed between an inner side of the coil with more turns and the magnetic core column.

Abstract: An apparatus that uses air-laid paper-making process to produce reconstituted tobacco is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a fiberizer, a base-sheet forming device, a pulp sizing device and a drying device connected in series. The apparatus of the invention is equipped with different interfaces for various materials and an internal humidifying pipeline. Utilizing multiple passages for material transfer helps to improve uniformity of incoming material and controllability. The sized pulp contains more tobacco dusts, tobacco extract, and adhesive agent, which has a higher density. By utilizing this apparatus it can disperse the pulp fully to avoid hot air being unevenly distributed in drying oven from causing excessive drying issue.

Abstract: The present utility model belongs to the technical field of cleaning tools and particularly relates to a multifunctional broom in order to solve the problems such as a single function of existing brooms. The multifunctional broom comprises a broom pole and a broom head disposed at one end of the broom pole, wherein a broom head housing axially movably disposed on the broom pole is provided in the periphery of the broom head, an opening for allowing the lower end of the broom head to extend from the broom head housing is formed at the lower end of the broom head housing, and a contractible positioning mechanism for enabling the broom head housing to be positioned on the broom pole, when the length of the lower end of the broom head extending from the broom head housing is adjusted to a desired length, is provided between the broom pole and the broom head housing.

Abstract: The present utility model belongs to the technical field of cleaning tools and particularly relates to a multifunctional broom in order to solve the problems such as a single function of existing brooms. The multifunctional broom comprises a broom pole and a broom head disposed at one end of the broom pole, wherein a broom head housing axially movably disposed on the broom pole is provided in the periphery of the broom head, an opening for allowing the lower end of the broom head to extend from the broom head housing is formed at the lower end of the broom head housing, and a contractible positioning mechanism for enabling the broom head housing to be positioned on the broom pole, when the length of the lower end of the broom head extending from the broom head housing is adjusted to a desired length, is provided between the broom pole and the broom head housing.