Abstract: Implementations of the present specification disclose a fare payment method, apparatus, and device. In one aspect, the method includes: receiving, at a terminal device supporting host-based card emulation (HCE), an HCE-based routing instruction from a fare collection device of a public transportation system; establishing, by the terminal device, a near field communication (NFC) connection with the fare collection device in response to the routing instruction; and transmitting, by the terminal device, payment-related information of a user of the terminal device to the fare collection device through the NFC connection, wherein the payment-related information is to be verified by the fare collection device, and wherein the fare collection device is configured to: verify the received payment-related information of the user; and in response to a successful verification, deduct a fare from an account of the user based on the payment-related information.

Abstract: A system for enabling escrow-free, secure, and convenient atomic asset swaps between blockchains are provided. In detail, when any group of users reach an agreement on the content of cross-chain asset swap transactions, each participant creates an individual signature on the content of each transaction, employs a reversible signature aggregate function to produce an aggregate signature from all his/her individual signatures, and optionally generates a proof to prove the relationship between the aggregated signature and the transaction contents. Sequentially, all the participants exchange these aggregated signatures and optional proofs. Once a participant publishes one of his/her individual signature, the other parties can use both signatures—one from the sender and the other from the recipient—to construct a complete transaction. Once a transaction is broadcast, its corresponding transactions are constructed, and broadcast.

Abstract: A fault-tolerant asset transferring method is provided to prevent financial losses caused by human errors, specifically unintentional mistakes made by the payer. The system introduces a new definition for blockchain transaction parameters, allowing for multi-input transactions. Each payment transaction includes the payee's signature for confirmation and the payer's signature. In addition, a system is designed to handle multi-input asset transfer transactions which incorporate the payer's confirmation. Upon reaching an agreement on the transaction content, each participant generates an independent off-chain signature on the transaction's content. In the event that participants generate a signature on the erroneous content of a transaction, the transaction will be accepted in the blockchain with very low probability due to transaction validation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer composition including a polyester copolymer and a biodegradable polymer, wherein the polyester copolymer includes two types of ester bond-forming monomer residues as main structural units, when the two types of ester bond-forming monomers are defined as “monomer A” and “monomer B”, respectively, the polyester copolymer satisfies (1) to (3) below, the biodegradable polymer has a melting point of 100° C. or higher, and the biodegradable polymer is included in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more and less than 30% by weight in 100% by weight of the total of the polyester copolymer and the biodegradable polymer. The present invention provides a polymer composition having low Young's modulus and high tensile strength. (1) An R value represented by the following formula is 0.45 or more and 0.99 or less.

Abstract: Implementations of the present specification disclose fare payment method, apparatus, and device. In the implementations of the present specification, an application can be pre-installed on a terminal device that supports HCE. When a user takes the ride, the user can move the terminal device to a vicinity of a collection device of a public transportation system. The collection device can send an HCE-based routing instruction to the terminal device, so that an operating system of the terminal device sends the routing instruction to the application based on an application identifier of the application included in the routing instruction, and then the application establishes an NFC connection with the collection device in response to the routing instruction.

Abstract: There is provided an immunopotentiator comprising, as an active ingredient, a modified ?-glucan which ?-glucan and poly(hydroxy acid) are covalently bonded. The immunopotentiator can potently enhance the immunopotentiating effect of ?-glucan.

Abstract: Disclosed are an associated copolymer, a method for preparation of a polymer and a polymer prepared with the method, a use of the associated copolymer and/or the polymer in drilling fluids, and a drilling fluid containing the associated copolymer and/or the polymer. The associated copolymer comprises acrylamide structural units, zwitter-ionic structural units, and cationic polyamine structural units at a specific proportion, and the cationic polyamine structural units have specific kinematic viscosity and cationic degree; thus, when the associated copolymer is used as a viscosity improver for drilling fluids, the obtained drilling fluid not only has favorable apparent viscosity after it is aged at a high temperature, but also has high dynamic shear force, and is resistant to high temperature up to 200° C. or above, resistant to NaCl up to saturated concentration, and resistant to CaCl2 up to 20 wt % concentration.

Abstract: Disclosed are an associated copolymer, a method for preparation of a polymer and a polymer prepared with the method, a use of the associated copolymer and/or the polymer in drilling fluids, and a drilling fluid containing the associated copolymer and/or the polymer. The associated copolymer comprises acrylamide structural units, zwitter-ionic structural units, and cationic polyamine structural units at a specific proportion, and the cationic polyamine structural units have specific kinematic viscosity and cationic degree; thus, when the associated copolymer is used as a viscosity improver for drilling fluids, the obtained drilling fluid not only has favorable apparent viscosity after it is aged at a high temperature, but also has high dynamic shear force, and is resistant to high temperature up to 200° C. or above, resistant to NaCl up to saturated concentration, and resistant to CaCl2 up to 20 wt % concentration.

Abstract: There is provided an immunopotentiator comprising, as an active ingredient, a modified ?-glucan which ?-glucan and poly(hydroxy acid) are covalently bonded. The immunopotentiator can potently enhance the immunopotentiating effect of ?-glucan.