Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method for selecting an access network type, a device, and a system, to flexibly select an access network type. An example method includes: determining, by a policy control function PCF entity, that a network status of a first network does not meet a preset condition, where the first network is a network currently accessed by a terminal; and sending, by the PCF entity, an access network type corresponding to a second network to the terminal, where the access network type corresponding to the second network is used to instruct the terminal to redirect a session of the terminal to the second network, and the second network is a network other than the first network.

Abstract: A data processing method includes obtaining, by a session management function (SMF) network element from an external network element, a media access control (MAC) address of a terminal device and an Internet Protocol (IP) address corresponding to the MAC address, and sending, by the SMF network element, the MAC address and the IP address to a first user plane function (UPF) network element, where the MAC address and the IP address are used to send an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) message, and the ARP message includes the MAC address and the IP address.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and communications devices. In some implementations, a first device instructs a second device to stop sending data of an application to the first device, receives from the second device first indication information indicating a sequence number of data that is of the application and that has been received by the second device from the first device, and sends to the second device second indication information indicating a sequence number of data that is of the application and that has been received by the first device from the second device. After a connection between the terminal device and a second server is established, the first and second indication information are used to transmit the data of the application through the connection.

Abstract: A domain name access method and a device are described. As described herein, a domain name server (DNS) server performs resolution on a domain name requested by the terminal device. The DNS server may then send an internet protocol (IP) address of an application server obtained through the resolution and use condition information to the terminal device. With this, communication efficiency of the terminal device can be improved, and waste of transmission resources in a communications system is also avoided.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a session management method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: receiving, by a first session management network element, a session request message from a second session management network element; allocating, by the first session management network element, Internet protocol IP information of a terminal device to a first session based on the session request message, where the first session is a branch of an established second session; and sending, by the first session management network element, the IP information of the terminal device to the second session management network element, where the IP information is used to obtain policy information corresponding to the IP information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method for selecting an access network type, a device, and a system, to flexibly select an access network type. An example method includes: determining, by a policy control function PCF entity, that a network status of a first network does not meet a preset condition, where the first network is a network currently accessed by a terminal; and sending, by the PCF entity, an access network type corresponding to a second network to the terminal, where the access network type corresponding to the second network is used to instruct the terminal to redirect a session of the terminal to the second network, and the second network is a network other than the first network.

Abstract: A domain name access method and a device are described. As described herein, a domain name server (DNS) server performs resolution on a domain name requested by the terminal device. The DNS server may then send an internet protocol (IP) address of an application server obtained through the resolution and use condition information to the terminal device. With this, communication efficiency of the terminal device can be improved, and waste of transmission resources in a communications system is also avoided.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a session management method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: receiving, by a first session management network element, a session request message from a second session management network element; allocating, by the first session management network element, Internet protocol IP information of a terminal device to a first session based on the session request message, where the first session is a branch of an established second session; and sending, by the first session management network element, the IP information of the terminal device to the second session management network element, where the IP information is used to obtain policy information corresponding to the IP information.

Abstract: The present inventions provides combinations of primers and probes for performing quantitative PCRs that can be used to determine the methylation state and level of BMP3 gene and NDRG4 genes in a patient in need thereof, which leads to surprisingly high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing the presence or the absence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and/or advanced adenoma (AA) in a patient in need therefore. Compositions and methods for performing the diagnosis are provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide example communication methods, user equipment, base stations, control plane network elements, and communications systems. One example communication method includes performing, by user equipment (UE), a handover from a first base station to a second base station, where the UE performs communication at the first base station by using a first packet data unit PDU connection via a first forwarding plane network element. The UE can send bearer-less handover indication information to the second base station when performing the handover, where the bearer-less handover indication information is used to instruct the second base station not to establish a connection to the first forwarding plane network element.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an application data migration method, including: obtaining, by a network device, a first, second, and third parameter, where the first parameter includes a delay in communication between a terminal device and a first server through a first connection, the second parameter includes a delay in communication between the terminal device and a second server through a second connection, and the third parameter includes a time for synchronizing a context between the first server and the second server; and if the first parameter is greater than a sum of the second parameter and the third parameter, determining, by the network device, that application data on the terminal device needs to be migrated from the first connection to the second connection; otherwise, determining, by the network device, that application data does not need to be migrated from the first connection to the second connection.

Abstract: A data processing method includes obtaining, by a session management function (SMF) network element from an external network element, a media access control (MAC) address of a terminal device and an Internet Protocol (IP) address corresponding to the MAC address, and sending, by the SMF network element, the MAC address and the IP address to a first user plane function (UPF) network element, where the MAC address and the IP address are used to send an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) message, and the ARP message includes the MAC address and the IP address.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for remote rendering of Web content on a television device are provided. In some implementations, methods for remote rendering of Web content on a television device are provided, the methods comprising: sending a request for the Web content to a server, receiving, at a source device, a response corresponding to the request; generating a set of drawing commands based on the response; obtaining at least one encoded image based on the response; presenting the Web content on the source device; generating a plurality of content layers corresponding to the Web content, wherein the plurality of content layers including a first content layer comprises the set of drawing commands and a second content layer comprises the encoded image; transmitting the plurality of content layers; and causing the Web content to be presented on the television device based on the plurality of content layers.

Abstract: A domain name access method and a device are described. As described herein, a domain name server (DNS) server performs resolution on a domain name requested by the terminal device. The DNS server may then send an internet protocol (IP) address of an application server obtained through the resolution and use condition information to the terminal device. With this, communication efficiency of the terminal device can be improved, and waste of transmission resources in a communications system is also avoided.

Abstract: A data forwarding method includes receiving, by a session management function network element, information about a first bearer in a first network from an access and mobility management function network element; and sending flow information of a first flow in a second network and forwarding information to the access and mobility management function network element. The flow information indicates a flow for data forwarding, and the forwarding information is used for forwarding the first flow to a tunnel corresponding to the first bearer.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a session management method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: receiving, by a first session management network element, a session request message from a second session management network element; allocating, by the first session management network element, Internet protocol IP information of a terminal device to a first session based on the session request message, where the first session is a branch of an established second session; and sending, by the first session management network element, the IP information of the terminal device to the second session management network element, where the IP information is used to obtain policy information corresponding to the IP information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for remote rendering of Web content on a television device are provided. In some implementations, methods for remote rendering of Web content on a television device are provided, the methods comprising: sending a request for the Web content to a server, receiving, at a source device, a response corresponding to the request; generating a set of drawing commands based on the response; obtaining at least one encoded image based on the response; presenting the Web content on the source device; generating a plurality of content layers corresponding to the Web content, wherein the plurality of content layers including a first content layer comprises the set of drawing commands and a second content layer comprises the encoded image; transmitting the plurality of content layers; and causing the Web content to be presented on the television device based on the plurality of content layers.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method for selecting an access network type, a device, and a system, to flexibly select an access network type. An example method includes: determining, by a policy control function PCF entity, that a network status of a first network does not meet a preset condition, where the first network is a network currently accessed by a terminal; and sending, by the PCF entity, an access network type corresponding to a second network to the terminal, where the access network type corresponding to the second network is used to instruct the terminal to redirect a session of the terminal to the second network, and the second network is a network other than the first network.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide an application data migration method, including: obtaining, by a network device, a first, second, and third parameter, where the first parameter includes a delay in communication between a terminal device and a first server through a first connection, the second parameter includes a delay in communication between the terminal device and a second server through a second connection, and the third parameter includes a time for synchronizing a context between the first server and the second server; and if the first parameter is greater than a sum of the second parameter and the third parameter, determining, by the network device, that application data on the terminal device needs to be migrated from the first connection to the second connection; otherwise, determining, by the network device, that application data does not need to be migrated from the first connection to the second connection.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and communications devices. In some implementations, a first device instructs a second device to stop sending data of an application to the first device, receives from the second device first indication information indicating a sequence number of data that is of the application and that has been received by the second device from the first device, and sends to the second device second indication information indicating a sequence number of data that is of the application and that has been received by the first device from the second device. After a connection between the terminal device and a second server is established, the first and second indication information are used to transmit the data of the application through the connection.