Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating a liquid including an organofluorine. The method includes electrochemically treating the liquid to produce a foam and an electrochemically treated liquid, wherein the foam includes the organofluorine and/or degradation products thereof; and separating the foam from the electrochemically treated liquid. This method may alleviate some of the problems associated with the presently available techniques for removing organofluorines from liquids.

Abstract: Systems and methods for ion exchange regeneration for resins onsite at an industrial facility are disclosed. The resins can be boron selective resins and the systems and methods can utilize onsite regeneration, recycling of certain effluent streams, and/or treated water as a main water source for regeneration.

Abstract: Some waters have high sulfate contents, such as acid mine drainage (AMD), which makes them unsuitable for use in fracturing fluids and difficult to dispose. Such waters may be treated with a solution of barium chloride to react with the sulfate ion of the sulfates and precipitate the sulfates as barium sulfate. Not all of the sulfates needs to be removed for the reclaimed water to be useful in formulating a fracturing fluid. The by-product of the reaction is almost pure barium sulfate, which is an inert, commercially valuable material that may be used in drilling fluids, paint and other industries.

Abstract: Some waters have high sulfate contents, such as acid mine drainage (AMD), which makes them unsuitable for use in fracturing fluids and difficult to dispose. Such waters may be treated with a solution of barium chloride to react with the sulfate ion of the sulfates and precipitate the sulfates as barium sulfate. Not all of the sulfates needs to be removed for the reclaimed water to be useful in formulating a fracturing fluid. The by-product of the reaction is almost pure barium sulfate, which is an inert, commercially valuable material that may be used in drilling fluids, paint and other industries.

Abstract: Both the hardness and boron content of wastewater may be reduced by contacting the wastewater with liquid sodium silicate (LSS) in an effective amount for such reductions followed by one or both of two additional procedures. The additional procedure may be contacting the wastewater with an Al(3+)-containing compound in an amount effective to at least partially remove silicon from the wastewater, where the contacting is before, during or after the wastewater is contacted with LSS. The second additional or alternative procedure involves, subsequent to contacting the wastewater with LSS, treating the untreated water with an electrocoagulation (EC) apparatus for a period of time effective to at least partially remove silicon from the wastewater. The EC procedure may also further remove boron from the wastewater.

Abstract: Electrocoagulation (EC) may remove oil and solids from oilfield water and other raw, untreated or unprocessed water as a pretreatment for increased boron removal efficiency using a subsequent boron selective resin. Boron selective resins are efficient for boron removal, but oil and solids in water lower the boron remove efficiency and capacity.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfate includes combining a calcium compound and a fluid comprising sulfate to form a composition; adjusting the pH to be greater than or equal to 12; introducing, to the composition, an electrode comprising aluminum or a noble metal; contacting the composition with a material comprising aluminum if aluminum is absent from the electrode; applying a voltage to the electrode to oxidize the aluminum and to form aluminum ions; contacting the composition with the aluminum ions; and forming a precipitate to remove sulfate from the composition, the precipitate having a crystal structure including calcium, aluminum, and sulfate.