Abstract: In a method, computer program, and system a dental target, such as a tooth, is located within a digital dental image. A reference object that was placed in the patient's mouth is segmented within a digital dental image to provide a segmented reference. The reference object has a predetermined size dimension. A window is segmented in the dental image at the position of the dental target. The segmented reference defines the relative size and location of the window, prior to the segmenting of the window.

Abstract: A method improving scene classification of a sequence of digital images comprising the steps of: (a) providing a sequence of images captured in temporal succession; (b) classifying each of the images individually based on information contained in the image alone to generate a first image classification; and (c) imposing a pre-determined temporal context model on the sequence of images to generate a final image classification for each image in the sequence.

Abstract: A method for scene classification of a digital image comprising the steps of: (a) extracting predetermined camera metadata tags from the digital image; (b) obtaining estimates of image class based on the extracted metadata tags; (c) obtaining estimates of image class based on image content; and (d) producing a final estimate of image class based on a combination of metadata-based estimates and image content-based estimates.

Abstract: A method for producing a compressed bit-stream from a digital image includes the steps of a) processing the digital image to produce a main subject belief map containing a continuum of belief values relating to the importance of subject and background regions in the image, b) performing a spatio-frequency transformation on the digital image to produce an array of transform coefficients, c) deriving a distortion-weighting factor for each transform coefficient from the belief map, and d) producing a compressed bit stream using an image compression system that is responsive to the distortion-weighting factors. The specific image compression system may be selected from a variety of image compression systems, including JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression or vector quantization.

Abstract: A digital image processing method for locating human eyes in a digital image, includes the steps of detecting a skin colored region in the image; detecting human iris color pixels in the skin colored region; forming initial estimates of eye positions using the locations of the detected iris color pixels in the skin colored region; estimating the size of each eye based on the distance between the estimated initial eye positions; forming a first search window for one eye, the center of the window being the estimated initial position for the one eye and the size of the window being proportional to the estimated size of the one eye; and employing a template to locate an eye in the first search window.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for converting an input digital color image having a set of possible input colors to an output digital color image having a set of palette colors, the number of palette colors being less than the number of possible input colors, wherein the set of palette colors is determined based on the distribution of colors in the input digital image boosted by a distribution of important colors contained in the input digital image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for converting an input digital color image having a set of possible input colors to an output digital color image having a set of palette colors, the number of palette colors being less than the number of possible input colors, wherein the set of palette colors is determined based on the distribution of colors in the input digital image boosted by a distribution of important colors contained in the input digital image.

Abstract: A method for producing a new image of a desired aspect ratio from an original digital image comprises the steps of: (a) determining a cropping window of the desired aspect ratio and a predetermined size; (b) obtaining a main subject belief map including an array of belief values indicating the location and relative importance of subject matter in the original digital image; (c) using the main subject belief map, determining a location of the cropping window in the original digital image that satisfies a predetermined set of criteria; and (d) producing a cropped image of the desired aspect ratio.

Abstract: A method of processing a digital image, including the steps of applying an initial scene balance algorithm to the digital image to produce an initial scene balanced digital image; detecting skin colored pixels in the initial scene balanced digital image, calculating a brightness adjustment amount based on a statistic of the detected skin colored pixels; and applying the brightness adjustment amount to the scene balanced digital image to produce a processed digital image having improved overall brightness.

Abstract: A system and method for determining image similarity. The method includes the steps of automatically providing perceptually significant features of main subject or background of a first image; automatically providing perceptually significant features of main subject or background of a second image; automatically comparing the perceptually significant features of the main subject or the background of the first image to the main subject or the background of the second image; and providing an output in response thereto. In the illustrative implementation, the features are provided by a number of belief levels, where the number of belief levels are preferably greater than two. The perceptually significant features include color, texture and/or shape. In the preferred embodiment, the main subject is indicated by a continuously valued belief map.

Abstract: A digital image processing determining the extent of blocking and contouring artifacts in a digital image includes the steps of: determining the extent of blocking artifacts using the column and row difference arrays; determining the extent of contouring artifacts based on an estimated DC quantization step size; and, determining a composite artifact measure as a function of the extent of blocking artifacts and extent of contouring artifacts.

Abstract: A method of processing a digital image, including the steps of: assigning belief values to pixels in the digital image, wherein the belief values are proportional to a belief that the pixels are associated with human skin; calculating a brightness adjustment amount based on a statistic of the pixels with belief values exceeding a threshold and the assigned belief values of the pixels; and applying the brightness adjustment amount to the digital image to produce a processed digital image having improved overall brightness.

Abstract: A digital image processing method for adaptively sub-sampling an image to X % of original pixels, includes the steps of generating an edge map of the image; normalizing the edge map to N-bits; applying a shift to the normalized edge map such that X % of the pixels will be ones when the normalized shifted edge map is halftoned using a blue noise halftoning technique; halftoning the edge map using the blue noise halftoning technique to generate a halftone mask; and sub-sampling the image at the pixel locations represented by ones in the halftone mask.

Abstract: A digital image processing method for generating a low resolution, low bit depth digital image from a higher resolution, higher bit depth input color digital image, includes the steps of: generating a gray scale image from the input color digital image; generating a low resolution sketch image from the grayscale image; generating a low resolution halftone image from the gray scale image; and combining the low resolution sketch image and the low resolution halftone image to form the low resolution, low bit depth digital image.

Abstract: A method for detecting an object in a digital image including the steps of performing color quantization on a model image including the object and on a search image that potentially includes the object, generating a plurality of search windows, computing spatial-color joint probability functions of each model and search image, where the color co-occurrence edge histogram is chosen to be the spatial-color joint probability function, assessing the similarity of each search image to the model, and designating search windows as containing the target object.

Abstract: A method for improving scene classification of a digital image comprising the steps of: (a) providing an image; (b) systematically recomposing the image to generate an expanded set of images; and (c) using a classifier and the expanded set of images to determine a scene classification for the image, whereby the expanded set of images provides at least one of an improved classifier and an improved classification result.

Abstract: An image processing system includes a client device including a limited display having a resolution less than VGA and a bit depth less than 24 bits for displaying a low resolution digital image and image processing operation indicators, an operator interface for user input, a CPU and a memory, the CPU being capable of running a limited client image processing program, and a first communication port; an image processing server for performing an image processing operation on a high definition image stored at the image processing server, for producing a low resolution version of the image for display on the limited display of the client device, and for producing image processing operation indicators indicating a particular image processing operation, the image processing server including a second communication port and being responsive to remote user inputs to produce a processed digital image; and a limited bandwidth mobile communication network connectable with the first and second communication ports for tran

Abstract: A method of processing a digital image channel to remove noise, includes the steps of: identifying a pixel of interest; identifying at least two sampled local regions of pixels which include the pixel of interest; calculating a noise free pixel estimate for each sampled local region of pixels; calculating a statistical weighting factor for each sampled local region, the calculation of the statistical weighting factor being independent of the calculation of the noise free pixel estimate; and using the noise free pixel estimates and the statistical weighting factors for calculate a noise reduced pixel value.

Abstract: A method for processing a digital color image for display and transmission includes the steps of (a) resizing the image to a lower display resolution to produce a display-sized image, (b) quantizing the display-sized image to a display palette with an error diffusion process to produce an error diffused image, (c) losslessly compressing the error diffused image to produce a compressed image having a particular file size, (d) comparing the file size to a maximum file size and if less than the maximum file size, transmitting the digital image to the display; (e) if the file size is greater than the maximum file size but less than a another predetermined file size, reducing the error diffusion rate by a predetermined amount in order to reduce the file size; and (f) if the file size is greater than the maximum file size and the predetermined file size, simplifying the resized image by reducing image detail to produce a simplified image and repeating the preceding steps on the simplified image.

Abstract: A technique for producing a foreground mask from a digital image is based on receiving two digital images, wherein a first digital image is derived from a first original scene image including a foreground photographed against a background having arbitrary and unknown content matter, and a second digital image is derived from a second original scene image including substantially the same background but without the foreground. The second digital image is automatically aligned to the first digital image without user intervention to generate an aligned digital image including the background without the foreground. Then, using the first digital image and the aligned digital image, a foreground mask is produced relating to the spatial regions in the first digital image pertaining to the foreground, whereby the foreground mask is subsequently used to generate a composite digital image.