Abstract: In a method for efficiently inducing reprogramming of human cells into neuronal cells, a concentration of cAMP is increased or an expression of PKA and CREB is up-regulated or an expression of AMPK, ALK2, ALK3, P38, and JNK is inhibited by a single small molecule compound or gene knockout or gene overexpression. In the present disclosure, the induction small molecule compound is single and safe, and has a short induction time, high induction efficiency, definite induction sites and genes, and clear molecular regulation mechanism. The small molecule compound can be applied to the clinical treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases, providing a safer and more efficient treatment method for the neurodegenerative diseases. Since neuronal cells cannot divide and proliferate, the method induces fibroblasts and astrocytes that can divide and proliferate in vitro and in vivo, to continuously obtain a large number of induced neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for inducing transdifferentiation of somatic cells into mammary epithelial cells in vitro using a small molecule compound. The method includes: inhibiting an expression of TGFbeta R1 and related sites thereof, to induce the transdifferentiation of the somatic cells into the mammary epithelial cells in vitro. The present disclosure fills a gap in the technology of inducing the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to the mammary epithelial cells using the small molecule compound; the present disclosure also provides a research platform for in vitro researches on a mammary gland bioreactor, mammary gland development and differentiation, breast cancer, and transdifferentiation of the fibroblasts into other types of functional cells.

Abstract: A bend-resistant mini optical fiber and manufacturing method thereof, first, preparing a preform via a modified chemical vapor deposition process, and manufacturing an optical fiber via drawing at a certain temperature. The advantageous of the present invention are as following, the bend-resistant mini optical fiber is primarily formed by a core layer, a platform layer, a depression layer, an outer cladding layer and a coating layer, and the relative refractive index and radius of each of the layers is reasonably controlled; and a cutoff wavelength is effectively controlled by employing an automatic temperature and tension monitoring procedure during the drawing process, such that the cutoff wavelength and a mode field diameter are maintained in a relatively stable range, and the cutoff wavelength is adjusted upward while the mode field diameter remains stable, thus facilitating a decrease of bend loss of the optical fiber.