Abstract: Provided herein are methods of identifying structures, e.g., attributes, of a therapeutic protein or a target that affect an interaction between the therapeutic protein and the target. In exemplary embodiments, the method comprises: (a) applying a stress to a first sample comprising therapeutic proteins or targets; (b) contacting the first sample with a second sample comprising targets or therapeutic proteins to form a mixture comprising (i) therapeutic protein-target complexes, (ii) unbound therapeutic proteins, and (iii) unbound targets; and (c) separating the mixture into at least two fractions, wherein an unbound fraction comprises unbound therapeutic proteins or unbound targets and a bound fraction comprises therapeutic protein-target complexes; and (d) for each of the unbound fraction and bound fraction, identifying and quantifying the abundance of the structures, e.g., attribute, present on a species of the therapeutic protein or target.

Abstract: Response element regions, DNA constructs comprising response element regions, host cells comprising response element regions, and methods of using response element regions are provided.

Abstract: Response element regions, DNA constructs comprising response element regions, host cells comprising response element regions, and methods of using response element regions are provided.