Abstract: A telecommunications system includes a network for transporting packets on a path between selected subscriber end points. The network has multiple nodes connected by links, with each node (a) pairing the forward and backward paths of a connection and (b) allowing for the injection of messages in the backward direction of a connection from any node in the path without needing to consult a higher OSI layer. A system is also provided for protecting connection paths for transporting data packets through an Ethernet telecommunications network having a multiplicity of nodes interconnected by a multiplicity of links. Primary and backup paths are provided through the network for each of multiple connections, with each path including multiple links.

Abstract: A system is provided for making connections in a telecommunications system that includes a network for transporting communications between selected subscriber connections, and a wireless network for coupling connections to the network. The network and wireless network are interfaced with a traffic management element and at least one radio controller shared by connections, with the traffic management element and the radio controller forming a single integrated network element. Connections are routed from the wireless network to the network via the single integrated network element.

Abstract: A telecommunications system includes a network for transporting packets on a path between selected subscriber end points. The network has multiple nodes connected by links, with each node (a) pairing the forward and backward paths of a connection and (b) allowing for the injection of messages in the backward direction of a connection from any node in the path without needing to consult a higher OSI layer. A system is also provided for protecting connection paths for transporting data packets through an Ethernet telecommunications network having a multiplicity of nodes interconnected by a multiplicity of links. Primary and backup paths are provided through the network for each of multiple connections, with each path including multiple links.

Abstract: A system is provided for making connections in a telecommunications system that includes a network for transporting communications between selected subscriber connections, and a wireless network for coupling connections to the network. The network and wireless network are interfaced with a traffic management element and at least one radio controller shared by connections, with the traffic management element and the radio controller forming a single integrated network element. Connections are routed from the wireless network to the network via the single integrated network element.