Abstract: Green coal is charred in pre- and post- treatment carbonizers, then crushed, mixed with pitch, briquetted, tempered in a tempering oven, recirculated with succeeding green coal to char in a reducing atmosphere through only the latter part of the pre-treatment carbonizer and through the post-treatment carbonizer, cooled, and separated from the as yet unbriquetted char. The pre-treatment carbonization is characterized by having air updrafted through all the airbox zones under the travelling grate.

Abstract: Carbonaceous raw material, such as lignite coal, having first been passed successively through a moving grate stoker furnace, a shaft furnace and a quench chamber is screened so as to remove from the end product substantially all +12 mesh and larger particles which are then crushed to -12 mesh screen size and recirculated into the stream of raw material enroute through the moving grate stoker.

Abstract: Green petroleum coke is partly devolatilized by transporting horizontally in static bed form through a furnace over a series of air box zones including a minority of zones adjacent the input end of the furnace and a majority remote from the input end and further devolatilized by soaking in a shaft furnace until at least most of the residual volatiles are driven off. From the shaft furnace the devolatilized coke is water quenched and steam produced in the quencher is mixed with downdrafted gases from said furnace to cool the same and prevent premature combustion.

Abstract: Coal devolatized and partially gasified in a travelling grate reactor is dropped into a shaft furnace to form a downwardly moving stack which moves then downwardly to and through a fixed bed gasifier, wherein it is burned to ash. A gas stream from the travelling grate reactor is down-drafted through the shaft furnace and a gas stream is up-drafted through the fixed bed gasifier, and the two streams combined are drawn through a heat exchanger and fed to a gas burner, combustion air for the gas burner being heated in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A column of hot coke from a shaft furnace moves downwardly into a vessel which it fills and forms a pile. A gap is left between the angle of repose of the coke surface and the upper portion of the vessel. Water is sprayed onto hot coke as it enters the vessel. The gap is vented to an exhaust duct. A baffle near the center of the vessel deflects the material to the sides and creates a void in the center of the vessel, which void is also vented to the exhaust duct. More water is sprayed on the coke adjacent the void. Steam pressure in the vessel is reduced by a fan which pulls steam through the exhaust ducts. The steam pressure is regulated by a pressure controller which modulates a damper in the exhaust duct. A temperature controller regulates the flow of quench water to the vessel. This regulates the temperature and moisture content of the material being cooled.

Abstract: Adjacent alternating rows of relatively coarse and fine coal are deposited onto a horizontal moving grate running through a coking furnace.

Abstract: Adjacent alternating rows of relatively coarse and fine coal are deposited onto a horizontal moving grate running through a coking furnace.

Abstract: A process for producing formcoke composed of char and selected binders comprising process steps in which non-oxidative thermal carbonization is employed.

Abstract: A column of hot, particulate char from a shaft furnace is moistened with quench water as it moves downwardly into a vessel which it fills and forms a pile. The material in the pile is shifted from a central core at the base of the column to a zone which surrounds the sides and bottom of the column by material flowing from the lower portion of the column; and steam is exhausted from the upper portion of the vessel.