Abstract: Disclosed herein are detergent compositions containing extended chain surfactants that form microemulsions with and can remove greasy and oily stains. In certain embodiments the extended nonionic surfactant includes Guerbet C10 or C12(PO)8(EO)n. The detergent compositions and methods of employing the same beneficially clean soils from textiles including difficult to remove cosmetic soils and food oils, even those comprised of non-trans fats.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods to detect when hard decisions change for bit nodes of one or more layers of a layered LDPC decoder and to update accumulated partial syndrome calculations for those layers. As hard decisions of bit nodes are generated, they are compared with their previous values. If the hard decisions change, partial syndrome calculations are accumulated and updated for the layers having non-zero elements in one or more columns of the parity check matrix corresponding to the bit nodes of the changed hard decisions. If the hard decisions for the bit nodes are unchanged, the partial syndrome calculations for the corresponding layers are not updated. Changes to hard decisions of codewords are tracked and partial syndromes are flipped for the layers of the columns of the parity check matrix corresponding to the bit nodes of the changed hard decisions.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods to detect when hard decisions change for bit nodes of one or more layers of a layered LDPC decoder and to update accumulated partial syndrome calculations for those layers. As hard decisions of bit nodes are generated, they are compared with their previous values. If the hard decisions change, partial syndrome calculations are accumulated and updated for the layers having non-zero elements in one or more columns of the parity check matrix corresponding to the bit nodes of the changed hard decisions. If the hard decisions for the bit nodes are unchanged, the partial syndrome calculations for the corresponding layers are not updated. Changes to hard decisions of codewords are tracked and partial syndromes are flipped for the layers of the columns of the parity check matrix corresponding to the bit nodes of the changed hard decisions.

Abstract: A switching network for efficiently receiving and transmitting data packets having both frames and messages includes a crossbar switch with a plurality of surrounding ports for exclusively switching frames which normally consist of large data streams of 40 to 60 bytes. Then the ports are connected together in a message ring and small data entity messages, for example 4, 8, or 12 bytes, are switched from an input port to an output port around the ring avoiding congestion of the crossbar switch.

Abstract: Biphase mark codes (BMC) are used in digital communications. Most BMC formats use preambles for rate determination and synchronization. A decoder compares the intervals of continuous high or continuous low voltages in a BMC stream to predetermined minimum and maximum values of half cell, full cell and one-and-a-half cell intervals for all supported sampling rates. If a pattern matching a preamble is found, the sampling rate is locked in and the decoder is synchronized to the BMC stream. Once locked, the decoder uses the predetermined minimum and maximum values at the locked rate to generate half cell, full cell and one-and-a-half cell indicators for a decoding state machine which decodes data in the BMC stream or decodes expected preambles.

Abstract: Biphase mark codes (BMC) are used in digital communications. Most BMC formats use preambles for rate determination and synchronization. A decoder compares the intervals of continuous high or continuous low voltages in a BMC stream to predetermined minimum and maximum values of half cell, full cell and one-and-a-half cell intervals for all supported sampling rates. If a pattern matching a preamble is found, the sampling rate is locked in and the decoder is synchronized to the BMC stream. Once locked, the decoder uses the predetermined minimum and maximum values at the locked rate to generate half cell, full cell and one-and-a-half cell indicators for a decoding state machine which decodes data in the BMC stream or decodes expected preambles.

Abstract: A switching network for efficiently receiving and transmitting data packets having both frames and messages includes a crossbar switch with a plurality of surrounding ports for exclusively switching frames which normally consist of large data streams of 40 to 60 bytes. Then the ports are connected together in a message ring and small data entity messages, for example 4, 8, or 12 bytes, are switched from an input port to an output port around the ring avoiding congestion of the crossbar switch.

Abstract: A switching network for efficiently receiving and transmitting data packets having both frames and messages includes a crossbar switch with a plurality of surrounding ports for exclusively switching frames which normally consist of large data streams of 40 to 60 bytes. Then the ports are connected together in a message ring and small data entity messages, for example 4, 8, or 12 bytes, are switched from an input port to an output port around the ring avoiding congestion of the crossbar switch.

Abstract: A high data rate switch is disclosed. The switch may include fiber optic channels where a plurality of switching elements necessarily operate at a significantly lower data rate providing routing of variable or fixed size data packets from a plurality of source ports to a plurality of destination ports via a single serial link. This is may be provided by storing the high rate data temporarily in memory in each of the source ports and then downloading it at a lower rate in a complete data packet to a designated switching element, almost immediately distributing the next data packet that has been received by the source port to a next switching element. The switching element configuration provides automatic redundancy and a minimum amount of frame overhead while sustaining throughput at the high data rate.

Abstract: A switching network for efficiently receiving and transmitting data packets having both frames and messages includes a crossbar switch with a plurality of surrounding ports for exclusively switching frames which normally consist of large data streams of 40 to 60 bytes. Then the ports are connected together in a message ring and small data entity messages, for example 4, 8, or 12 bytes, are switched from an input port to an output port around the ring avoiding congestion of the crossbar switch.

Abstract: There is disclosed a switching network for efficiently receiving and transmitting data packets having both frames and messages. The switching network includes a crossbar switch with a plurality of surrounding ports for exclusively switching frames which normally consist of large data streams of 40 to 60 bytes. Then the ports are connected together in a message ring and small data entity messages, for example 4, 8, or 12 bytes, are switched from an input port to an output port around the ring avoiding congestion of the crossbar switch.

Abstract: A high data rate switch is disclosed. The switch may include fiber optic channels where a plurality of switching elements necessarily operate at a significantly lower data rate providing routing of variable or fixed size data packets from a plurality of source ports to a plurality of destination ports via a single serial link. This is may be provided by storing the high rate data temporarily in memory in each of the source ports and then downloading it at a lower rate in a complete data packet to a designated switching element, almost immediately distributing the next data packet that has been received by the source port to a next switching element. The switching element configuration provides automatic redundancy and a minimum amount of frame overhead while sustaining throughput at the high data rate.

Abstract: A high data rate switch is disclosed. The switch may include fiber optic channels where a plurality of switching elements necessarily operate at a significantly lower data rate providing routing of variable or fixed size data packets from a plurality of source ports to a plurality of destination ports via a single serial link. This is may be provided by storing the high rate data temporarily in memory in each of the source ports and then downloading it at a lower rate in a complete data packet to a designated switching element, almost immediately distributing the next data packet that has been received by the source port to a next switching element. The switching element configuration provides automatic redundancy and a minimum amount of frame overhead while sustaining throughput at the high data rate.

Abstract: A switching network for efficiently receiving and transmitting data packets having both frames and messages includes a crossbar switch with a plurality of surrounding ports for exclusively switching frames which normally consist of large data streams of 40 to 60 bytes. Then the ports are connected together in a message ring and small data entity messages, for example 4, 8, or 12 bytes, are switched from an input port to an output port around the ring avoiding congestion of the crossbar switch.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for the scheduling of multicast frames in a switching network. In one exemplary embodiment, a destination identifier in an incoming frame to be multicast is used to determine an output port mask via a table lookup. The output port mask is used to determine which selected output ports receive a copy of the incoming frame. The selected output ports are copied to concurrently. Thus an efficient and simple method and system is provided to multicast an incoming frame.

Abstract: Switching apparatus is provided for example for a high data rate internet switching system using fiber optic channels where the switching elements which are a portion of a switching fabric of the switching apparatus necessarily operate at a significantly lower data rate. Data packets are routed from ingress to egress ports over a single serial link. This is provided by the process of storing the high rate data temporarily in memory in an ingress port and then downloading it at a lower rate in a complete data packet to one designated switch element and almost immediately switching the next data packet that has been received in the ingress port to the next switch element. The switch element configuration provides an automatic redundancy even if one element fails.