Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer readable storage mediums for providing message services from a server are described. In some embodiments, a server stores an attachment associated with a communication. The server sends the communication to a client device, with a representation of the attachment type that includes an indication of the attachment's native file type. The server receives a request from the client device to view the attachment in the client device. The server retrieves the attachment in response to the request and transcodes the attachment from the attachment's native file type to a viewable file type configured to display in the client device. The viewable file type is determined by the server based on metadata received from the client device. The server transmits at least a portion of the attachment in the viewable file type to the client device for display. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for prefetching relevant information for responsive mobile email applications are describe. In some embodiments, the server performs operations for prefetching data for an application operating on a client device. The server receives from a client device a request for a list of conversations. In response to the request, the server fetches conversation headers associated with the request list of conversations and fetches up to a predetermined number of messages, within conversations in the list of conversations, which are determined to be most relevant to a user of the client device in accordance with predefined criteria, and then transmits the fetched headers and the fetched messages to the client device. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing a card-based user interface for thread-based communications on mobile devices are described. In some embodiments, in response to activation of an application, a mobile device receives data that represents a set of threaded conversations, where the data includes a representation header for each threaded conversation in the set of threaded conversations. The mobile device then displays a list of the representation headers for the set of threaded conversations. In response to an activation of the representation header corresponding to a particular threaded conversation in the set of the threaded conversations, the mobile device displays in a first expanded card, text associated with a most recent message in the particular threaded conversation, and in a collapsed card, a representation of previously read messages in the particular threaded conversation. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Methods for responding to an email message by a phone call from a mobile device are described. In some embodiments, mobile devices are capable of receiving emails. The emails may be in form of messages in a threaded conversation. Each message has metadata and the metadata includes a phone number corresponding to a sender of the message. The text or information associated with the message is displayed but not the metadata. While a user is reading the message displayed on the mobile device, the user is provided with a plurality of options to respond to the message, an option is for the user to call the sender of the message using the phone number in the metadata. Upon selecting such an option, the user is able to initiate a call to the sender of the message by activating a feature to call using the phone number stored in the metadata without physically looking up and dialing the sender's number. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Methods for responding to an email message by a phone call from a mobile device are described. In some embodiments, mobile devices are capable of receiving emails. The emails may be in form of messages in a threaded conversation. Each message has metadata and the metadata includes a phone number corresponding to a sender of the message. The text or information associated with the message is displayed but not the metadata. While a user is reading the message displayed on the mobile device, the user is provided with a plurality of options to respond to the message, an option is for the user to call the sender of the message using the phone number in the metadata. Upon selecting such an option, the user is able to initiate a call to the sender of the message by activating a feature to call using the phone number stored in the metadata without physically looking up and dialing the sender's number. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for prefetching relevant information for responsive mobile email applications are describe. In some embodiments, the server performs operations for prefetching data for an application operating on a client device. The server receives from a client device a request for a list of conversations. In response to the request, the server fetches conversation headers associated with the request list of conversations and fetches up to a predetermined number of messages, within conversations in the list of conversations, which are determined to be most relevant to a user of the client device in accordance with predefined criteria, and then transmits the fetched headers and the fetched messages to the client device. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Methods for transcoding attachments for mobile devices are described. In some embodiments, attachments associated with any communication are stored on a server. When a communication is sent from a server to a client device, a representation of the attachment that includes an indication of a native file type of the attachment is also sent along with the communication to the client device. In responding to a user's request to view the attachment, the server transcodes the attachment from the attachment's native file type to a viewable file type configured to display in the client device and then transmits at least a portion of the attachment in the viewable file type to the client device for display. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Methods for transcoding attachments for mobile devices are described. In some embodiments, attachments associated with any communication are stored on a server. When a communication is sent from a server to a client device, a representation of the attachment that includes an indication of a native file type of the attachment is also sent along with the communication to the client device. In responding to a user's request to view the attachment, the server transcodes the attachment from the attachment's native file type to a viewable file type configured to display in the client device and then transmits at least a portion of the attachment in the viewable file type to the client device for display. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer readable storage mediums for providing message services from a server are described. In some embodiments, a server stores an attachment associated with a communication. The server sends the communication to a client device, with a representation of the attachment type that includes an indication of the attachment's native file type. The server receives a request from the client device to view the attachment in the client device. The server retrieves the attachment in response to the request and transcodes the attachment from the attachment's native file type to a viewable file type configured to display in the client device. The viewable file type is determined by the server based on metadata received from the client device. The server transmits at least a portion of the attachment in the viewable file type to the client device for display. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Methods for implementing an auto-complete feature for contact entry on mobile devices are described. In some embodiments, a mobile device downloads from a server a number of contacts associated with a user, wherein the number of contacts is a subset of contacts in a contact list of the user. Upon receiving a partial contact entry from the user that includes a string of one or more characters, the mobile device identifies contacts from the downloaded contacts matching the partial entry. The mobile device displays no more than a preset number of matching contacts on the display of the mobile device at any one time, in a particular order, with an option for the user to display and fetch for more matching contacts. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Methods for transcoding attachments for mobile devices are described. In some embodiments, attachments associated with any communication are stored on a server. When a communication is sent from a server to a client device, a representation of the attachment that includes an indication of a native file type of the attachment is also sent along with the communication to the client device. In responding to a user's request to view the attachment, the server transcodes the attachment from the attachment's native file type to a viewable file type configured to display in the client device and then transmits at least a portion of the attachment in the viewable file type to the client device for display. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for downloading customized applications from a server are described. In some embodiments, a server receives a request from a client device to download an application. The server identifies a type of the client device and a user characteristic. In response to the request, the server obtains a customized environment file associated with the user characteristic for the application, where the customized environment file defines an interface appearance of the application. The server sends to the client device, the customized environment file and the application appropriate for the type of the client device, such that the customized environment file gives the application running on the client device an appearance associated with the user characteristics. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Methods for simulating icon popout on memory constrained devices are described. In some embodiments, the client device displays a message status icon where the message status icon represents a first message status of the respective message. In response to a user action, the status of the respective action changes and the visual appearance of the message status icon varies such that the displayed message status icon represents a second message status of the respective message, to identify a status change of the respective message. The message status icon comprises a fixed image having a display background with at least one property that can be varied to achieve the changes in the visual appearance of the message status icon. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for downloading customized applications from a server are described. In some embodiments, a server receives a request from a client device to download an application. The server identifies a type of the client device and a user characteristic. In response to the request, the server obtains a customized environment file associated with the user characteristic for the application, where the customized environment file defines an interface appearance of the application. The server sends to the client device, the customized environment file and the application appropriate for the type of the client device, such that the customized environment file gives the application running on the client device an appearance associated with the user characteristics. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A bridge rectifier for an alternator comprises a first heat sink for being secured to a frame of an alternator; a second heat sink disposed on top of the first heat sink; an electrical insulator disposed between the first and second heat sinks; a first group of diodes operably secured to the first heat sink; a second group of diodes operably secured to the second heat sink; an insulating support operably secured to the second heat sink, the support including a plurality of legs adapted to be received in respective holes in the second heat sink; a plurality of screws adapted to be received axially by respective legs, the screws being adapted to expand the legs radially, thereby to lock the legs in respective holes; and a plurality of electrical connectors each being operably connected to a respective pair of diodes, each pair comprising a diode from the first group and a diode from the second group, each of the plurality of electrical connectors for being operably connected to the alternator, each of the plura