Abstract: A memory device includes a memory cell array having a plurality of memory blocks therein, including a target memory block. A voltage generator is provided, which is configured to generate an erase voltage and row line voltages, which are provided to the target memory block upon which an erase operation is to be performed. Control logic is provided, which is configured to control the memory cell array and the voltage generator. In addition, during operation, the erase voltage is provided to at least one of a bitline or a common source line associated with the target memory block, and a gate line of a transistor provided with the erase voltage is precharged before the erase voltage is provided to the at least one of the bitline or the common source line of the target memory block.

Abstract: In a compaction scheme for a log structured merge (LSM) tree, a storage device is configured to: receive a first user data piece from a host; generate a first meta data piece for a highest level of the LSM tree, corresponding to the first user data piece; when the highest level exceeds a set storage limit, trigger a compaction process on the first and second meta data pieces to generate compacted meta data pieces excluding overlapping meta data elements of the second meta data pieces overlapped with the first meta data piece. Through a garbage collection, victim user data elements corresponding to the overlapping meta data elements are deleted.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an architecture of a large-scale storage system supporting snapshot. The system includes a storage; and a storage system coupled to the server through a network. The storage system includes: at least one storage device coupled to the server through the network; and a computing component coupled between the storage device and the network and configured to: generate snapshot data based on data for backup, which is stored in the storage device; compact the snapshot data; and transfer, to the storage, the compacted snapshot data through a storage client interface for the storage.

Abstract: A semiconductor package and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor package. As a non-limiting example, various aspects of this disclosure provide a semiconductor package, and method of manufacturing thereof, that comprises a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and comprising at least one first recess portion formed in a direction ranging from the first surface toward the second surface, a plurality of first recess conductive patterns formed in the first recess portion, and a first passive element inserted into the first recess portion of the substrate and having a first electrode and a second electrode electrically connected to the plurality of first recess conductive patterns.

Abstract: A method for decoding a video performed by a decoding device according to the present document is characterized by comprising: a step for acquiring video information including prediction mode information and residual information through a bitstream; a step for deriving a prediction mode of a current block on the basis of the prediction mode information; a step for deriving a prediction sample on the basis of the prediction mode; a step for deriving a current residual coefficient on the basis of residual syntax elements for the current residual coefficient in the current block; a step for deriving a residual sample on the basis of the current residual coefficient; and a step for deriving a reconstructed sample of the current block on the basis of the prediction sample and the residual sample.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus may include determining a chroma array type of a current image, determining an adaptive loop filter (ALF) indicator of a chroma component based on the chroma array type, and performing ALF filtering with respect to a reconstructed image based on a value of the ALF indicator. The value of the ALF indicator may be determined to be a predetermined value without being obtained from a bitstream, based on the chroma array type being a predetermined type, and the value of the ALF indicator may be obtained from the bitstream, based on the chroma array type being not the predetermined type.

Abstract: The invention relates to an isothermal-based dual functional oligonucleotide containing quencher and reporter dye for an isothermal nucleic acid amplification and a method for nucleic acid amplification and measurement using the same. The present invention is directed to a method capable of obviating the need for an additional oligonucleotide, in addition to four to six types of oligonucleotides for a nucleic acid amplification reaction of LAMP, detecting the amount of fluorescence according to the amplification of the nucleic acid of target gene-specific sequence for DNA and RNA, enabling the detection also after the completion of the reaction, and detecting the amount of fluorescence in real-time. Therefore, the present invention allows simultaneous multiple tests by measuring the amount of fluorescence in one tube after the completion of the reaction or in real time while varying the reporter dye according to the target gene.

Abstract: A method for producing an immune cell composition is disclosed. The method includes steps of: (a) culturing a tumor sample in a first container, (b) obtaining a first immune cell population from the cultured product obtained from (a); (c) seeding a second composition and a second immune cell population in a second container; (d) expending the second immune cell population to produce a third immune cell population; and (e) obtaining the third immune cell population from the expanded product obtained from (d) and producing the immune cell composition.

Abstract: In one example, an electronic device includes a substrate and a cover structure. The cover structure includes an upper cover wall comprising an upper wall outer surface and an upper wall inner surface opposite to the upper wall outer surface, cover sidewalls extending from the upper wall inner surface and coupled to the substrate. The upper cover wall and the cover sidewalls define a cavity. A channel structure is in the upper cover wall extending inward from the upper wall inner surface. A first electronic component is coupled to the substrate within the cavity and a thermal interface material (TIM) is coupled to the upper wall inner surface and the first electronic component. A portion of the TIM is within the channel structure. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device including: a substrate defining a first pixel region and a second pixel region; and an organic light emitting diode over the substrate. The organic light emitting diode includes a transmissive electrode, a reflective electrode facing the transmissive electrode and an emissive layer disposed between the transmissive electrode and the reflective electrode. The emissive layer includes a first emissive layer and a second emissive layer. The first emissive layer is in the first pixel region and includes: a first blue emitting material layer including a first blue fluorescent compound, and a second blue emitting material layer including a second blue fluorescent compound and a blue phosphorescent compound. The second emissive layer is in the second pixel region and includes: a first green emitting material layer including a first green delayed fluorescent compound, and a second green emitting material layer including a second green delayed fluorescent compound.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating a language model using crossmodal information. The method includes: receiving language-based first modality information and non-language-based second modality information; converting the first modality information into a first byte sequence; converting the second modality information into a second byte sequence; converting the first and second byte sequences into a first embedding vector and a second embedding vector by applying an embedding technique for each modality; generating semantic association information between first and second modality information by inputting the first and second embedding vectors to a crossmodal transformer; and learning the language model by setting the generated semantic association information as training data.

Abstract: An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure comprises the steps of: obtaining intra prediction information including at least one of MPM flag information, MRL index information, and planner flag information from a bitstream; checking the MPM flag information; checking the MRL index information on the basis of a case where the MPM flag information indicates that the MRL index information is checked; checking the planner flag information on the basis of a case where a value of the MRL index information is 0; deriving an intra prediction mode for a current block on the basis of the check for the planner flag information; deriving prediction samples for the current block on the basis of the intra prediction mode for the current block; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the prediction samples.

Abstract: Customized navigation maps of an area are generated for autonomous vehicles based on a baseline map of the area, transportation systems within the area, and attributes of the autonomous vehicles. The customized navigation maps include a plurality of paths, and two or more of the paths may form an optimal route for performing a task by an autonomous vehicle. Customized navigation maps may be generated for outdoor spaces or indoor spaces, and include specific infrastructure or features on which a specific autonomous vehicle may be configured for travel. Routes may be determined based on access points at destinations such as buildings, and the access points may be manually selected by a user or automatically selected on any basis. The autonomous vehicles may be guided by GPS systems when traveling outdoors, and by imaging devices or other systems when traveling indoors.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing a remote work environment. The apparatus includes one or more processors and executable memory for storing at least one program executed by the one or more processors. The at least one program performs Virtual Private Network (VPN) authentication in response to a request for remote access to a work network from a user terminal, performs user authentication in order to connect the user terminal that succeeds in VPN authentication to the work network, decrypts the encrypted user data area of the user terminal that is connected to the work network, and provides the remote work environment to the user terminal based on the user data area through the work network.

Abstract: A substrate treatment method includes an auto-recovery operation of automatically recovering a substrate when a treatment process of treating the substrate is interrupted due to an occurrence of an abnormality and a chamber neutralization operation of neutralizing an inside of a process chamber including the substrate before the auto-recovery operation after the treatment process is stopped.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes an active region, a first source/drain region disposed on the active region, a first contact on the first source/drain region, a second source/drain region spaced apart from the first source/drain region and disposed on the active region, a second contact on the second source/drain region and a first gate electrode disposed on the active region. The first gate electrode includes a first ring portion, which surrounds the first contact, but the second contact extends outside the first ring portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of resetting a lighting device control apparatus by using a wall switch, capable of resetting an AP setting of the lighting device control apparatus more conveniently in a smart residential lighting device network system including: a plurality of lighting devices provided in an indoor space; a plurality of lighting device control apparatuses for individually or collectively controlling the lighting devices; a plurality of APs configured to perform WiFi communication with the lighting device control apparatuses, respectively; a user terminal for remotely controlling the lighting devices; a lighting device server configured to transmit a lighting device control signal generated by the user terminal to a lighting device control apparatus of a lighting device corresponding to the lighting device control signal; and a home gateway configured to perform relay between the APs and the lighting device server.

Abstract: Provided are a composition for culturing NK cells, and a method of culturing NK cells using the same. According to an aspect, in culturing NK cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, when NK cells are cultured in a medium including the composition for culturing NK cells, the composition including IL-15, IL-18, and IL-27, the NK cells may proliferate in large quantities and activation of NK cells may be promoted. Therefore, when the NK cells are used, cancer cell apoptosis or cancer cell-killing ability may be promoted. Accordingly, the NK cells may be used as an effective adoptive immune cell therapy product in cancer prevention or treatment.

Abstract: A vaporizer includes a liquid storage for storing an aerosol generating material, an upper cap having a liquid inlet through which the aerosol generating material is introduced, a lower cap coupled to the upper cap to form an aerosol generating space together with the upper cap, a liquid delivery element that is arranged in the aerosol generating space and absorbs the aerosol generating material delivered from the liquid storage, and a heating element that generates an aerosol by heating the aerosol generating material absorbed by the liquid delivery element, wherein the lower cap may include a support groove for supporting at least part of the liquid delivery element and inner walls facing both ends of the liquid delivery element.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method, an apparatus, and a storage medium for image encoding/decoding using geometric partitioning. A target block may be geometrically partitioned, and multiple partitioned regions may be generated from geometric partitioning. Each partitioned region may have a non-square and a non-rectangular shape. Different prediction schemes may be applied to different partitioned regions. The different prediction schemes for multiple partitioned regions may be signaled as explicit information, and may be derived using information about a coding parameter for the target block or the like.