Abstract: Disclosed are a copolymer for organic antireflective films containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1), a monomer for the copolymer, and an organic antireflective film composition including the copolymer: wherein in the formula (1), R1, R2, R3, A, m and n respectively have the same meanings as defined in the detailed description of the invention. The organic antireflective film composition including the copolymer for organic antireflective films has an increased refractive index and exhibits excellent effects when produced into an antireflective film, and hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the coating film produced from the composition can be regulated, so that excellent compatibility with resists can be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition, comprising 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a polygonal oligomeric silsesquioxane derivative, and 5 to 30 parts by weight of a compound generating acid by light, based on 100 parts by weight of a polyamide derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive typed photosensitive composition including a polyamide derivative represented by the following Chemical Formula, and a heat-acid generator. where R1, R2, R4, and R5 independently represent a bivalent to hexavalent aryl group with at least two carbon atoms, R3 represents either a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, k represents an integer of 10 to 1,000, 1 represents an integer of 1 to 1,000, n and m independently represent an integer of 0 to 2 (n+m>0), and X represents either a hydrogen atom or an aryl group with 2 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate on which first and second electrodes are formed in parallel to each other, a rear substrate on which a third electrode is formed to intersect the first and second electrodes, and a barrier rib, formed between the front and rear substrates. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is formed in the form of a single layer. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode has a portion with the curvature.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate including a first electrode and a second electrode, a rear substrate including a third electrode, and a barrier rib formed between the front and rear substrates. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is formed in the form of a single layer. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode includes at least one line portion intersecting the third electrode, and a plurality of projecting portions projecting from at least one line portion. The shape of at least one of the plurality of projecting portions is different from the shape of the other projecting portions.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate including a first electrode and a second electrode, a rear substrate including a third electrode, and a barrier rib formed between the front and rear substrates. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is formed in the form of a single layer. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode includes at least one line portion intersecting the third electrode, and a plurality of projecting portions projecting from at least one line portion. The shape of at least one of the plurality of projecting portions is different from the shape of the other projecting portions.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate on which first and second electrodes are formed in parallel to each other, a rear substrate on which a third electrode is formed to intersect the first and second electrodes, and a barrier rib, formed between the front and rear substrates. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is formed in the form of a single layer. At least one of the first electrode or the second electrode has a portion with the curvature.

Abstract: A device for controlling the operation of power excavators includes a control lever which is handled simply by one hand, which is different from the prior art systems having multiple control levers necessarily handled by both hands. The control lever consists of a plurality of links which are jointed together in such a way that the intuitive handling directions of the links are identified with the actual moving directions of the actuators. The control lever thus adds significant convenience for the operator when operating the actuators of the excavator. An excavator with the above control device can be easily and effectively operated by an unskilled operator even for delicate work such as a land finishing work or loading work, both of which tasks are generally known in the art to require a highly-skilled operator.

Abstract: A method for detecting the direction and displacement of a rod member of a hydraulic cylinder assembly is provided. The hydraulic cylinder assembly includes a plurality of magnetic sensors for outputting a magnetic field variation signal disposed adjacent a hydraulic cylinder. The plurality of magnetic sensors cooperate with a plurality of magnetic projections equally spaced along a rod member for producing the magnetic field variation signal. The signal is converted from a sine wave into a square wave by using a microprocessor. The edges of the converted square wave are counted to accurately detect a direction and displacement amount. The method further includes the steps of ignoring a square wave edge caused by disturbance, if the square wave edge occurs prior to a pre-set time, wherein the pre-set time is based on the average time interval for previous edges. The method further includes the step of generating a correction edge when no edge is detected during the pre-set time interval.

Abstract: A device and method for automatically vibrating the working members of a power construction vehicle such as a power excavator is disclosed. The device and method effectively change both the amplitude of vibration and the number of vibrations of a working member in proportion to a levering angle of an associated control lever during an excavating, breaking or ground hardening operation of a construction vehicle. The automatic vibration device is thus free from any select switch. The device simplifies the construction of the hydraulic system and more easily controls the automatic vibration operations, and thereby is convenient to operators.

Abstract: A device and method for selecting a control mode in a power construction vehicle is disclosed. The device has a control mode select switch which selects a function for setting new matching relations between the control levers and the proportional control valves. A controller sets the new matching relations and stores the new matching relations, and controls the actuators in accordance with the new matching relations. In the control mode selection method, one operational motion of an actuator is primarily selected and displayed on a display means. Thereafter, a voltage signal indicative of a levering angle of a control lever associated with the selected actuator is output, thus setting a new matching relation between the control lever and an associated proportional control valve. The above process is repeated in order to continuously set and store new matching relations between the control levers and proportional control valves associated with the other actuators.

Abstract: A control device for a travelling system in construction vehicles is disclosed. The control device applies the pilot pressure of the pilot pump to the spool of the directional control valve separately from the travelling control pedal, thus automatically controlling operation of the directional control valve. However, the manual control mode performed by the travelling control pedals has priority over the automatic control mode. The control device has a proportional control valve, which applies the pilot pressure of the pilot pump to the spool in response to an input current signal. A pressure sensor checks the pilot pressures, which are generated by both the travelling control pedals and the proportional control valves and act on the spool. A controller receives a signal indicative of the pilot pressures checked by the pressure sensor and outputs the current signal to the proportional control valve.

Abstract: A control system of an excavator. The excavator includes a lower running body, an upper pivoting body, a working device having a plurality of links attached to the upper pivoting body, a pivoting device, and a running device, actuators for actuating the working device, the pivoting device, and the running device, hydraulic control valves for controlling quantities of hydraulic fluid supplied to the actuators, sensors for detecting relative angular positions of the links, and a control system.

Abstract: A discharge flow control system and method of a hydraulic pump driven by an engine for the minimization of the difference between a discharge mount of flow in the pump and total mount of operating oil necessary to operate each actuator in hydraulic equipment. The control system is provided with a detector which detects the number of rotation of the engine, generates equal number of pulses to the number of rotation, a detector which detects the tilt angle of a swash plate of the pump, a detector which detects the operating displacement of the actuator, a detector which detects the load pressure acting on the pump, and a controll unit which controls a target discharge flow mount of the pump which is suitable for performing a predetermined work based on the number of rotation, the tilt angle, the displacement and the load pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flow rate control apparatus for a hydraulic pump which is employed suitably in a hydraulic excavator or a hydraulic crane and driven by a rotating force of a motor. The flow rate control apparatus controls the discharging flow rate of the hydraulic pump to utilize the output power of the motor without an overload applied to the motor, and optimally controls the output flow rate of the pump depending upon an operation signal to provide an excellent operating characteristic to an operator under a high load operating condition applied to a hydraulic machine having hydraulic actuators driven on the basis of the discharge flow of the hydraulic pump.