Abstract: A method for operating a server controller that controls a storage server, server controller and storage server are provided. The method comprises a first volume as a first area determined based on a storage capacity of a first storage device having the smallest storage capacity among the plurality of storage devices, generating a second volume as a second area that does not belong to the first area in the plurality of storage devices, and storing first data in the second volume in response to a write command for the first data, a plurality of stripe units constituting the first data being distributed and stored in the plurality of storage devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device including a processor configured to receive a command requesting an operation for a plurality of group zones from a host, transmit a completion response to the command to the host, and perform a background operation for the command; and a plurality of storage devices, the processor configured to control the plurality of storage devices, each of the plurality of group zones including a plurality of zones included in one or more storage devices among the plurality of storage devices, and the processor being configured to perform the background operation including generating a plurality of distribution commands for each of the plurality of storage devices from the command, and issuing one or more distribution commands among the plurality of distribution commands to one or more storage devices corresponding to the one or more distribution commands, respectively.

Abstract: A storage device includes a non-volatile memory device, and a storage controller. The non-volatile memory device includes a first memory region and a second memory region, each of the first and second regions including a plurality of memory blocks and distinguished through a first boundary. The first memory region is divided into a first region and a second region through a second boundary. The second memory region is divided into a third region and a fourth region through a third boundary. The first region includes a plurality of first reserved blocks configured to replace a bad block of the second region. The fourth region includes a plurality of second reserved blocks configured to replace a bad block of the third region. The number of bits stored in each memory cell of the first memory region is different from the number of bits stored in each memory cell of the second memory region.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for a storage system. In some embodiments, a storage system includes a plurality of storage devices and a host device. Each storage device of the plurality of storage devices includes a plurality of blocks classified into first type blocks, second type blocks, and third type blocks, and is configured to generate internal state information items indicating information on a first number of first type blocks, a second number of second type blocks, and a third number of third type blocks. The host device is configured to receive, from the plurality of storage devices, the internal state information items, generate target state information such that the plurality of storage devices include a same number or substantially same number of first type blocks, based on the internal state information items, and transmit, to the plurality of storage devices, the target state information.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operation method including generating RAID parity data based on first data in response to an RAID enable request and a first write request, the RAID enable request and the first write request being received from an external host, the RAID enable request including a first stream identifier and a RAID enable indication, and the first write request including the first stream identifier and the first data, storing the first data and the RAID parity data based on the first stream identifier, storing second data based on a second stream identifier in response to receiving a second write request from the external host, the second write request including the second stream identifier and the second data, and receiving an RAID disable request from the external host, the RAID disable request including the first stream identifier and a RAID disable indication.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage system which includes a random access memory, storage devices, and a processing unit that controls the random access memory and the storage devices. Each of the plurality of storage devices includes a first storage area and a second storage area. The processing unit assigns a zone to the first storage areas of the storage devices. The processing unit assigns RAID stripes to the zone, performs a write of sequential data, which are based on sequential logical addresses, with respect to each of the RAID stripes, and performs a write of a parity corresponding to the write of the sequential data after the write of the sequential data is completed. The processing unit writes an intermediate parity corresponding to the parity in the second storage area of at least one storage device among the storage devices while performing the write of the sequential data.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device including a processor configured to receive a command requesting an operation for a plurality of group zones from a host, transmit a completion response to the command to the host, and perform a background operation for the command; and a plurality of storage devices, the processor configured to control the plurality of storage devices, each of the plurality of group zones including a plurality of zones included in one or more storage devices among the plurality of storage devices, and the processor being configured to perform the background operation including generating a plurality of distribution commands for each of the plurality of storage devices from the command, and issuing one or more distribution commands among the plurality of distribution commands to one or more storage devices corresponding to the one or more distribution commands, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operation method including generating RAID parity data based on first data in response to an RAID enable request and a first write request, the RAID enable request and the first write request being received from an external host, the RAID enable request including a first stream identifier and a RAID enable indication, and the first write request including the first stream identifier and the first data, storing the first data and the RAID parity data based on the first stream identifier, storing second data based on a second stream identifier in response to receiving a second write request from the external host, the second write request including the second stream identifier and the second data, and receiving an RAID disable request from the external host, the RAID disable request including the first stream identifier and a RAID disable indication.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device, a memory controller, and a buffer memory. The memory controller determines a first memory block of the nonvolatile memory device, which is targeted for a read reclaim operation, and reads target data from a target area of the first memory block. The target data are stored in the buffer memory. The memory controller reads at least a portion of the target data stored in the buffer memory in response to a read request corresponding to at least a portion of the target area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computing system which includes a storage device and a host. The storage device may include a nonvolatile memory, and the host may control the storage device based on a physical address of the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request command to the storage device. The storage device may monitor the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request corresponding to the asynchronous event request command to the host based on the monitoring result. The asynchronous event request may include requesting another command from the host based on the monitoring result. In some aspects, the host may send an erase command for erasing to erase a selected memory block of the nonvolatile memory to the storage device. In response, the storage device may send an erase pass response or an erase delay violation response to the host in response to the erase command.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device, a memory controller, and a buffer memory. The memory controller determines a first memory block of the nonvolatile memory device, which is targeted for a read reclaim operation, and reads target data from a target area of the first memory block. The target data are stored in the buffer memory. The memory controller reads at least a portion of the target data stored in the buffer memory in response to a read request corresponding to at least a portion of the target area.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device, a memory controller, and a buffer memory. The memory controller determines a first memory block of the nonvolatile memory device, which is targeted for a read reclaim operation, and reads target data from a target area of the first memory block. The target data are stored in the buffer memory. The memory controller reads at least a portion of the target data stored in the buffer memory in response to a read request corresponding to at least a portion of the target area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computing system which includes a storage device and a host. The storage device may include a nonvolatile memory, and the host may control the storage device based on a physical address of the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request command to the storage device. The storage device may monitor the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request corresponding to the asynchronous event request command to the host based on the monitoring result. The asynchronous event request may include requesting another command from the host based on the monitoring result. In some aspects, the host may send an erase command for erasing to erase a selected memory block of the nonvolatile memory to the storage device. In response, the storage device may send an erase pass response or an erase delay violation response to the host in response to the erase command.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computing system which includes a storage device and a host. The storage device may include a nonvolatile memory, and the host may control the storage device based on a physical address of the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request command to the storage device. The storage device may monitor the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request corresponding to the asynchronous event request command to the host based on the monitoring result. The asynchronous event request may include requesting another command from the host based on the monitoring result. In some aspects, the host may send an erase command for erasing to erase a selected memory block of the nonvolatile memory to the storage device. In response, the storage device may send an erase pass response or an erase delay violation response to the host in response to the erase command.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computing system which includes a storage device and a host. The storage device may include a nonvolatile memory, and the host may control the storage device based on a physical address of the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request command to the storage device. The storage device may monitor the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request corresponding to the asynchronous event request command to the host based on the monitoring result. The asynchronous event request may include requesting another command from the host based on the monitoring result. In some aspects, the host may send an erase command for erasing to erase a selected memory block of the nonvolatile memory to the storage device. In response, the storage device may send an erase pass response or an erase delay violation response to the host in response to the erase command.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device, a memory controller, and a buffer memory. The memory controller determines a first memory block of the nonvolatile memory device, which is targeted for a read reclaim operation, and reads target data from a target area of the first memory block. The target data are stored in the buffer memory. The memory controller reads at least a portion of the target data stored in the buffer memory in response to a read request corresponding to at least a portion of the target area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computing system which includes a storage device and a host. The storage device may include a nonvolatile memory, and the host may control the storage device based on a physical address of the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request command to the storage device. The storage device may monitor the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request corresponding to the asynchronous event request command to the host based on the monitoring result. The asynchronous event request may include requesting another command from the host based on the monitoring result. In some aspects, the host may send an erase command for erasing to erase a selected memory block of the nonvolatile memory to the storage device. In response, the storage device may send an erase pass response or an erase delay violation response to the host in response to the erase command.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computing system which includes a storage device and a host. The storage device may include a nonvolatile memory, and the host may control the storage device based on a physical address of the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request command to the storage device. The storage device may monitor the nonvolatile memory and may send an asynchronous event request corresponding to the asynchronous event request command to the host based on the monitoring result. The asynchronous event request may include requesting another command from the host based on the monitoring result. In some aspects, the host may send an erase command for erasing to erase a selected memory block of the nonvolatile memory to the storage device. In response, the storage device may send an erase pass response or an erase delay violation response to the host in response to the erase command.

Abstract: A multilevel cell (MLC) nonvolatile memory system including a plurality of memory cells each cell storing first bit data and second bit data, and a controller programming the plurality of memory cells on a page-by-page basis, the controller programming original data to an original block and programming copy data that is the same as the original data to a mirroring block, wherein first bit page data and second bit page data of the original data are programmed to memory cells connected to the same word line, but the first bit page data and second bit page data of the copy data are programmed to memory cells connected to different word lines.

Abstract: A method of controlling a non-volatile memory device comprises detecting a bad page in a first block of the non-volatile memory device, and as a consequence of detecting the bad page, copying meta data stored in valid pages of the first block and original meta data corresponding to the bad page, programming the copied meta data to a second block of the non-volatile memory device, erasing the first block, and thereafter programming user data in the first block.