Abstract: A decoration element is described. The decoration element includes a light reflective layer; a light absorbing layer provided on the light reflective layer; and a color developing layer comprising a color film, wherein the color developing layer is provided: on a surface of the light reflective layer opposite to a surface of the light reflective layer facing the light absorbing layer; between the light reflective layer and the light absorbing layer; or on a surface of the light absorbing layer opposite to a surface of the light absorbing layer facing the light reflective layer.

Abstract: A connector having a shield structure includes a housing, an outer case connected to the housing, an inner case disposed between the housing and the outer case, and a shield structure surrounding the inner case. The connector includes a first cable having a first line, a first inner cover surrounding the first line, and a first cable shield surrounding the first inner cover and connected to the shield structure. The connector includes a second cable having a second line, a second inner cover surrounding the second line, and a second cable shield surrounding the second inner cover and connected to the shield structure. The connector includes a ground terminal electrically connecting the first cable shield and the second cable shield to a first ground, and a ground cable connected to the ground terminal and electrically connecting the first cable shield and the second cable shield to a second ground.

Abstract: This specification relates to a decoration member including: a substrate; and a decoration layer provided on the substrate in which there are one or more combinations of viewing angles ? and ? in which a contrast parameter Cn represented by Equation 1 is 0.1 or more.

Abstract: A steering wheel apparatus for adjusting stiffness and receiving a pressure is provided. The apparatus includes a rim having a ring-shaped frame structure and an air container disposed around an outer surface of the rim. An outer sheath covers an outer surface of the air container and an air nozzle is connected to an inside of the air container. A pressure sensor is mounted to the rim to detect a pressure by which the steering wheel apparatus is gripped and an air compressor and a vacuum pump are connected to the air nozzle. A steering controller analyzes signals input from sensors to maintain an air pressure of the air container and operate the air compressor or the vacuum pump when present condition information is satisfied. An engine controller analyzes a signal input from the pressure sensor and when the signal corresponds to a predetermined pressure or greater decelerate the vehicle.

Abstract: A steering wheel apparatus for adjusting stiffness and receiving a pressure is provided. The apparatus includes a rim having a ring-shaped frame structure and an air container disposed around an outer surface of the rim. An outer sheath covers an outer surface of the air container and an air nozzle is connected to an inside of the air container. A pressure sensor is mounted to the rim to detect a pressure by which the steering wheel apparatus is gripped and an air compressor and a vacuum pump are connected to the air nozzle. A steering controller analyzes signals input from sensors to maintain an air pressure of the air container and operate the air compressor or the vacuum pump when present condition information is satisfied. An engine controller analyzes a signal input from the pressure sensor and when the signal corresponds to a predetermined pressure or greater decelerate the vehicle.

Abstract: A bidirectional optical amplifying apparatus-and method of controlling the optical gain in a bidirectional WDM optical communication network includes a bidirectional optical amplifier for amplifying a forward WDM optical input signal and a reverse WDM optical input signal, a measurement means for measuring the total input intensity and the total output intensity of the bidirectional optical amplifier,and a control means for measuring a gain using the total input intensity and the total output intensity, compensating the error between the measured gain and a reference gain, and feedback controlling the bidirectional optical amplifier to uniformly maintain the gain. The measurement means divides a forward optical input signal and a reverse optical input signal, in a constant ratio, respectively, converts the divided optical signal to an electrical signal, and measures total input intensity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a signal monitoring apparatus for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical telecommunication networks capable of the optical signal telecommunication networks efficiently by maintaining an operating wavelength, in which each of the WDM channels are allocated in a certain way, and an optical power in a constant error range without limiting the number of the WDM channel. It may monitor and revise an error of an operating wavelength of each WDM channel and a repeatability to a wavelength.

Abstract: A cold-start wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical transmission system uses a synchronized etalon filter, DFB lasers and passive optical demultiplexers. The DFB lasers are tested under normal operating conditions and wavelength-selected for each channel. The wavelength selection is such that the laser operates within one half of the channel spacing from the standardized wavelength. For the cold-start operation, each laser is able to automatically find its operating wavelength without any prior knowledge of its operating conditions for the standardized wavelength. In addition, this system simultaneously adjusts the output power of each laser to a desired value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sliding-frequency guiding filter which is capable of guiding soliton pulses to hundreds of different resonant frequencies by designing the device so that the filter can automatically offset its peak resonant frequency from the frequency of incoming soliton pulses. The sliding-frequency guiding filter comprises the followings: a coupler to tap some of incoming soliton signals; a wafer whose one half is coated by multilayered dielectric on both sides while leaving the other half uncoated, where the soliton signals tapped through the coupler is directed to coated half and uncoated half of the wafer, respectively; and, a thermoelectric cooler attached to the coated side of the wafer. The sliding-frequency guiding filter, made of the same design, can be applied throughout the soliton transmission line instead of the numerous filters all operating at different resonant frequencies.