Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a control unit configured to determine an average ion concentration, a surface ion concentration and a solid phase potential for anode particles and an electrolyte potential in an anode, using a predefined electrochemical reduced order model. The control unit is further configured to determine a side reaction rate from the solid phase potential and the electrolyte potential. The control unit is further configured to reduce the magnitude of the charging current applied to a secondary battery based on at least one of a cutoff voltage, the surface ion concentration and the side reaction rate.

Abstract: An apparatus provides information on a distance to empty (DTE) of a vehicle and an information providing method is performed thereby. The apparatus includes a display device configured to display DTE information of a vehicle and a controller configured to control operation of the display device. The controller determines low fuel efficiency-related information and high fuel efficiency-related information based on a current vehicle driving condition. The controller determines a low DTE value and a high DTE value based on the low fuel efficiency-related information, the high fuel efficiency-related information, and a current available battery energy. The controller also determines a current DTE value indicating a real-time DTE and controls operation of the display device to display the low DTE value, the high DTE value, and the current DTE value.

Abstract: A PERL solar cell and a method for preparing same. In forming a back contact electrode of the PERL solar cell comprising a BSF metal layer and a bus bar electrode, the PERL solar cell has the BSF metal layer provided on opening portions of a passivation layer and has a bus bar electrode formed on the passivation layer, thereby resolving all mechanical defects generated when forming the opening portions of the passivation layer, and enhancing the strength of the solar cell. The PERL solar cell of the present disclosure comprises: a solar cell substrate; a passivation layer provided on one side of the substrate and having a plurality of opening portions which expose the surface of the substrate; a bus bar electrode provided on the passivation layer and on an area not overlapping the area on which the opening portions are provided; and a BSF metal layer provided on the passivation layer so as to fill all the plurality of opening portions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel dual-targeting protein comprising: a protein that binds specifically to delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4); and an antibody that binds specifically to vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel dual-targeting protein comprising: a protein that binds specifically to delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4); and an antibody that binds specifically to vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an LK8-Fc fusion protein, which has increased angiogenesis inhibitory activity and in vivo stability. More specifically, relates to an LK8-Fc fusion protein in which an LK8 protein having angiogenesis inhibitory activity is fused with the Fc region of human immunoglobulin IgG1, as well as a composition for treating cancer, which contains the fusion protein. The LK8-Fc fusion protein has not only angiogenesis inhibitory activity leading to anticancer and metastasis inhibitory activities, but also a very long in vivo half-life, and thus can be used as a more efficient and economic cancer therapeutic agent or cancer inhibitor.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of reducing tumor growth that includes contacting the tumor with a tumor growth reducing effective amount of a composition comprising LK8 or LK68 protein or a functionally equivalent amino acid variant thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof to a subject having tumor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anticancer or an anti-metastatic agent for gene therapy, more precisely, an anticancer or an anti-metastatic agent for gene therapy containing a gene carrier or cells harboring human apolipoprotein (a) kringle KIV9-KIV10-KV (LK68) or KV (LK8) gene as an effective ingredient, and a treatment method for cancer using the same. The agent for gene therapy of the present invention has an inhibiting effect on the growth and the metastasis of a tumor, so it can be effectively used for the prevention and the treatment of various solid tumors as a metastasis inhibitor or a therapeutic agent for primary tumors.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of reducing tumor growth that includes contacting the tumor with a tumor growth reducing effective amount of a composition comprising LK8 or LK68 protein or a functionally equivalent amino acid variant thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof to a subject having tumor.