Abstract: A gene amplification chip includes a chamber layer, a cover layer, a bottom layer, an inlet, and an outlet. The chamber layer has a first passage and through holes which are formed on one side of the first passage. The cover layer is disposed on one side of the chamber layer and has a cover channel formed to communicate with the first passage and the through holes, wherein the cover channel, the first passage and the through holes allow passage of liquids in a divided manner. The bottom layer is disposed on another side of the chamber layer and has a bottom channel formed to communicate with the first passage and the through holes. The inlet is formed in the cover layer and communicates with the cover channel. The outlet communicates with any one of the cover channel and the bottom channel.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor lighting apparatus includes: an upper body open at a lower side thereof to define an interior space therein and formed on an outer surface thereof with an upper protrusion; a lower body open at an upper side thereof to define an interior space therein and formed on an outer surface thereof with a lower protrusion placed collinear with the upper protrusion; one or more heat sinks each including a fastening assembly into which the upper protrusion and the lower protrusion are inserted; and a light emitting module including one or more optical semiconductor devices placed on one side surface of each of the heat sinks, wherein the heat sinks surround outer surfaces of the upper body and the lower body.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor lighting apparatus includes: a heat sink; a light emitting module contacting the heat sink and comprising a substrate on which one or more optical semiconductor devices are mounted; and an optical member coupled to the heat sink and covering the light emitting module, wherein the optical member includes a substrate positioning slot having a shape corresponding to a periphery of the substrate; and a step having a shape corresponding to a cutaway slot at the periphery of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor illuminating apparatus including a base having a heat sink formed therebelow, a light emitting module including a board disposed on the base and at least one or more semiconductor optical elements arrayed on the board, a board hole penetrating through the board and having wirings penetrating therethrough, the wirings being electrically connected to the semiconductor optical elements, and a wiring protecting part formed in the board hole and protruding from an upper surface of the board at a predetermined height.

Abstract: A optical semiconductor lighting apparatus includes a board, a drive IC which is disposed in a central portion of the board, a plurality of semiconductor optical devices which is disposed adjacent to and around the drive IC in the board in a grid shape in one or more rows and columns, a non-insulating heat sink in which the board is disposed, and an insulating housing which accommodates the heat sink and protects the drive IC and the plurality of semiconductor optical devices from withstand voltages.

Abstract: A optical semiconductor lighting apparatus includes: a board; a drive IC which is disposed in a central portion of the board; a plurality of semiconductor optical devices which is disposed adjacent to and around the drive IC in the board in a grid shape in one or more rows and columns; a non-insulating heat sink in which the board is disposed; an insulating housing which accommodates the heat sink and protects the drive IC and the plurality of semiconductor optical devices from withstand voltages; and a first optical member which faces the plurality of semiconductor optical devices, transmits or reflects light irradiated from the semiconductor optical devices, and forms a vertical vent hole corresponding to the drive IC; and a second optical member which is connected to an upper side of the housing and forms light distribution by refracting light transmitted or reflected from the first optical member.

Abstract: An illuminating device includes a light source module; a heat radiator including a heat radiating plate having a cavity open toward a front surface thereof and receiving the light source module therein and ventilation holes disposed along an edge of the cavity, and heat radiating fins extending to a rear surface of the heat radiating plate, disposed in a radial manner along an edge of the heat radiating plate and positioned between the ventilation holes to form ventilation channels therebetween communicating with the ventilation holes; a cooler fixed to the heat radiator to be in contact with ends of the heat radiating fins and including air jet holes allowing air to be blown toward the heat radiator; and an electrical connector connected to the light source module and the cooler and supplying electrical signals thereto.

Abstract: A optical semiconductor lighting apparatus includes: a board; a drive IC which is disposed in a central portion of the board; a plurality of semiconductor optical devices which is disposed adjacent to and around the drive IC in the board in a grid shape in one or more rows and columns; a non-insulating heat sink in which the board is disposed; an insulating housing which accommodates the heat sink and protects the drive IC and the plurality of semiconductor optical devices from withstand voltages; and a first optical member which faces the plurality of semiconductor optical devices, transmits or reflects light irradiated from the semiconductor optical devices, and forms a vertical vent hole corresponding to the drive IC; and a second optical member which is connected to an upper side of the housing and forms light distribution by refracting light transmitted or reflected from the first optical member.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor lighting apparatus includes a light emitting module including semiconductor optical devices arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, a housing including a heat sink base in which the light emitting module is disposed, and an optical unit arranged in parallel along the plurality of row or column directions and configured to change a path of light emitting from the semiconductor optical devices to a specific direction. The optical unit includes at least one unit module integrally formed in the row or column directions of the semiconductor optical devices.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention discloses a light emitting diode (LED) lighting apparatus with a housing, a lighting module and a diffusion cover. The lighting module includes a circuit board combined with the housing, and a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted on the circuit board to generate light, the light emitting diodes in a first region being arranged with a first distance and the light emitting diodes in a second region being arranged with a second distance that is greater than the first distance. The diffusion cover is combined with the housing such that the diffusion cover covers the lighting module. The diffusion cover has a groove portion at a region corresponding to the second region.

Abstract: An LED lamp driving circuit includes: a thermistor having one terminal through which an external voltage is applied; an AC-DC conversion unit connected to the other terminal of the thermistor and converting an AC voltage applied to the other terminal of the thermistor into a DC voltage; and a DC-DC conversion unit converting the DC voltage from the AC-DC conversion unit into a DC voltage required to drive the LED lamp.

Abstract: An LED lamp driving circuit includes: a thermistor having one terminal through which an external voltage is applied; an AC-DC conversion unit connected to the other terminal of the thermistor and converting an AC voltage applied to the other terminal of the thermistor into a DC voltage; and a DC-DC conversion unit converting the DC voltage from the AC-DC conversion unit into a DC voltage required to drive the LED lamp.

Abstract: There is provided a subminiature imaging optical system utilizing only three sheets of lenses having positive, negative and positive refractive powers, respectively. The subminiature imaging optical system comprising, sequentially from an object side: a first lens having a meniscus shape with a convex object-side surface, the first lens having at least one aspherical surface and positive refractive power; a second lens having a meniscus shape with a convex image-side surface, the second lens having at least one spherical surface and negative refractive power; and a third lens having both surfaces formed of an aspherical surface and having positive refractive power.

Abstract: There is provided a wide-angle lens system having a wide angle of view and less distortion. The wide-angle lens system including: an object-side lens group disposed at an object side with respect to an aperture stop and having overall positive refractive power; and an image-side lens group disposed at an image side with respect to the aperture stop and having overall positive refractive power, wherein a focal length ratio between the object-side lens group and the image-side lens group satisfies following condition 1, 2<FO/FI<10??condition 1, where FO is a focal length of the object-side lens group (FO>0) and FI is a focal length of the image-side lens group (FI>0). This wide-angle lens system sufficiently corrects distortion even in a wide angle of view, thereby ensuring an image with superior quality.

Abstract: A light guide plate and a liquid crystal display device having the same. The light guide plate is disposed upstream of a liquid crystal panel to refract light supplied through an edge thereof, toward the liquid crystal panel. In the light guide plate, a plate body is disposed at a side of a light source for supplying light when a supply voltage is applied. A plurality of pyramidal diffusing elements are arrayed in a predetermined pattern on a surface of the plate body. Each of the diffusing elements is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise about an axis extending through a vertex of the diffusing element perpendicularly to the surface of the plate body so that an edge of the diffusing element facing a reference line connecting a central point of the light source to a central point of the plate body is angled 10° to 35° about the reference line.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lens for a backlight. The LED lens includes an LED light source, a lens body, and a beam shaping element. The lens body is configured such that the LED light source is accommodated in the lower portion thereof, and light emitted from the LED light source is radiated in vertical and lateral directions of the lens body. The beam shaping element is fastened to the top of the lens body and is configured to adjust light beams radiated through the upper surface of the lens body. Accordingly, the uniformity of luminance and color can be increased and, at the same time, the overall performance of the system can be improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a total internal reflection micro lens array for a wide-angle lighting system. The micro lens array includes a plurality of Fresnel lens structures formed on a same optical incidence surface. Each of the Fresnel lens structure includes a plurality of grooves, each having a reflecting surface and a refractive surface. Incoming radiation incident through the incidence surface of the lens structure is internally totally reflected by the reflecting surface, refracted by the refractive surface and exits the lens structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a Light Emitting Diode (LED) light source lens for emitting light in a lateral direction. The LED source lens includes an upper part, an upper part and a central part. The upper part includes an upper part reflecting surface bent symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the lens, and an upper part refracting surface extended from the end of the upper part reflecting surface parallel with the central axis. The central part includes a side surface extended from the lower end of the upper part refracting surface and bend inwards, and refracts or reflects light through the side surface. The lower part accommodates the LED light source, and includes an arch-shaped lower part refracting surface extended outwards from the lower end of the side surface of the central part. The light radiated from the LED light source is emitted perpendicular to the central axis.

Abstract: There is provided a wide-angle lens system having a wide angle of view and less distortion. The wide-angle lens system including: an object-side lens group disposed at an object side with respect to an aperture stop and having overall positive refractive power; and an image-side lens group disposed at an image side with respect to the aperture stop and having overall positive refractive power, wherein a focal length ratio between the object-side lens group and the image-side lens group satisfies following condition 1, 2<FO/FI<10 ??condition 1, where FO is a focal length of the object-side lens group (FO>0) and FI is a focal length of the image-side lens group (FI>0). This wide-angle lens system sufficiently corrects distortion even in a wide angle of view, thereby ensuring an image with superior quality.

Abstract: There is provided a subminiature imaging optical system utilizing only three sheets of lenses having positive, negative and positive refractive powers, respectively. The subminiature imaging optical system comprising, sequentially from an object side: a first lens having a meniscus shape with a convex object-side surface, the first lens having at least one apherical surface and positive refractive power; a second lens having a meniscus shape with a convex image-side surface, the second lens having at least one spherical surface and negative refractive power; and a third lens having both surfaces formed of an aspherical surface and having positive refractive power.