Abstract: The present invention is directed to the one step selective conversion of starch, cellulose, or glucose to molecules containing 7 to 26 contiguous carbon atoms. The invention is also directed to the conversion of those intermediates to saturated hydrocarbons. Such saturated hydrocarbons are useful as, for example, fuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique for preparing an anhydrosugar alcohol using hydrogenated sugar as a raw material and, more specifically, to a technique for preparing a high-purity anhydrosugar alcohol by adding an acid to hydrogenated sugar (for example, hexitol) to convert same to an anhydrosugar alcohol, then distilling the converted liquid, and crystallizing the distilled liquid in a solvent, the technique removing a crystallization solvent from a crystallization mother liquor generated during a crystallization step and then introducing the resultant product together with the distilled liquid and the converted liquid into a distillation step, thereby being capable of improving the total distillation yield of the anhydrosugar alcohol, improving distillation efficiency by improving the mobility of a distillate, and further reducing the amount of generated waste and treatment costs and thus highly efficiently preparing the high-purity anhydrosugar alcohol at reduced costs.

Abstract: A method of communicating with a plurality of bands by using an electronic device including a plurality of antennas, an antenna system, and an electronic device is provided. The method includes providing a first or second band signal received via a first antenna to a first transceiver; receiving a first diversity signal for the second band signal via a second antenna and providing the received first diversity signal to a combiner via a signal divider connected to a second transceiver and the combiner; receiving a second diversity signal for the second band signal via a third antenna and providing the received second diversity signal to the combiner; and combining the first diversity signal and the second diversity signal in the combiner and providing the combined signal to a third transceiver connected to the third antenna.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing high purity anhydrosugar alcohols using hydrogenated sugar, and more specifically, to a method for preparing high purity anhydrosugar alcohols (particularly, isosorbide, isomannide, isoidide, and the like) with a purity of 97.5% or higher (more preferably, 98.5% or higher) and a pH of a distillate of 3.7 or higher (more preferably, 4.0 or higher) in a distillation yield of 87% or higher (more preferably, 90% or higher) by adding an acid to hexitol so as to convert the same into anhydrosugar alcohols, and single-stage distilling the converted product by using an internal condenser type thin film evaporator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method for an anhydro sugar alcohol having a markedly reduced ion content and improved colour characteristics, and, more specifically, relates to a method for producing an anhydrous sugar alcohol having a markedly reduced ion content, markedly lowered electrical conductivity and improved colour characteristics, which is obtained by subjecting hydrogenated sugar (sugar alcohol) to a dehydration reaction and thereby converting same to an anhydrous sugar alcohol and then subjecting distilled water, which has been isolated through a distillation step, to a decolourizing process using activated carbon, and subsequently bringing the resulting decolourized substance into contact with an ion exchange resin.

Abstract: A receiver in a human communication system includes: receiving electrodes including a transmission frame including control frames and data frames; first and second switches connected with the receiving electrodes; a switching control unit controlling a switching of the first and second switches to selectively connect the receiving electrodes with the first and second switches in response to each control frame according to a predetermined rule every time each of the control frames is input; a signal processing unit performing signal processing on the transmission frame output from the first and second switches; a preamble detection unit detecting the first preamble from each of the control frames included in the signal-processed transmission frame to generate preamble correlation values for the first preamble; and a correlation value processing unit controlling the switching control unit to select pairs of final receiving electrodes among the receiving electrodes based on the preamble correlation values.

Abstract: A semiconductor package of a package on package structure reducing an overall thickness of the package and simplifying design complexity of wiring paths is provided. The package includes a first package including a first substrate and a first semiconductor chip portion mounted thereon, a second package disposed on the first package and including a second substrate and a second semiconductor chip portion mounted thereon, and a connection member connecting the first and second substrates. The second semiconductor chip portion includes at least one semiconductor chip including a group of chip pads corresponding to one channel, and the group of chip pads is concentrated on a first edge of the semiconductor chip. An intellectual property core corresponding to the one channel is formed on an edge of the first semiconductor chip portion and the IP core corresponds to the edge on which the group of chip pads is concentrated.

Abstract: Provided are a frequency modulation/demodulation apparatus using a frequency selective baseband and a transmitting/receiving apparatus using the same. In a frequency selective baseband transmission technique or an FS-CDMA technique, a transmission rate is controlled according to communication channel environment, spread code groups are repeatedly selected in a receiving side so as to obtain a frequency diversity gain. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce interference between users. In addition, even in a case where strong interference induced from electronic exists, it is possible to implement low-power, stable human-body communication and to ensure a communication quality.

Abstract: Provided is a communication apparatus having a human body contact sensing function and method. The apparatus includes: an electrode that comes in contact with the human body; a contact sensor coupled to the electrode that instructs the CPU to perform an initial operation if contact with the human body is sensed; and a data processing unit that receives a control signal from the CPU to select whether to transmit or receive data, and performs a transmitting or receiving operation according to the control signal. To reduce power consumption in a stand-by state before body contact is made when using a human body as a communication medium, a human body contact sensor is included to minimize power consumption of a micro processing unit and a transmitter/receiver circuit until contact occurs. Minimizing power consumption when in a stand-by mode by using a contact sensor with low power consumption extends stand-by time.

Abstract: There is provided a chair and multimedia player comprising a sound transmission apparatus performing human-body communications. The chair and multimedia player comprise at least one sound transmission apparatus, wherein the sound transmission apparatus is disposed in a surface of the chair and multimedia player to allow a user to hear a sound signal when the user is in contact with or adjacent to the surface, and the sound transmission apparatus generates a composite signal including a sound signal and a demodulation signal restoring only the sound signal from the composite signal and outputs the generated composite signal and demodulation signal into a human body in order to restore the sound signal within the vicinity of the ears of the user.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for controlling human body contact of ground electrode, and a human body communication system using the same. The apparatus includes a resistance measuring unit for applying a predetermined voltage to a human body through a signal electrode, to measure a resistance value between the signal electrode and the ground electrode; a contact control unit for determining whether the ground electrode needs to contact the human body by using the measured resistance value, to provide control information associated with human body contact; and a contact performing unit for bringing the ground electrode into contact or out of contact with the human body according to the control information.

Abstract: A frequency selective modulation apparatus and method using re-spreading codes are disclosed. The frequency selective modulation apparatus includes: a serial-to-parallel converter receiving transmission data and performing serial-to-parallel conversion on the transmission data at a pre-set ratio; one or more sub-frequency selective spreaders selecting one spreading code by using data bits received from the serial-to-parallel converter; a majority value selection unit selecting a majority value from one or more spreading codes which have been selected by each of the one or more of the sub-frequency selective spreaders; and a first XOR logic circuit XORing an output of the majority value selection unit and a re-spreading code Wn to re-spread a frequency selective baseband to a frequency selective passband.

Abstract: A walking guidance apparatus using human body communication, including: a first human body communication device acquiring a walking guidance information signal, converting the acquired walking guidance information signal into a signal available for human body communication, and transmitting the converted signal through a user's body; and a second human body communication device receiving the signal transmitted through the user's body from the first human body communication device, converting the received signal into a signal that can be recognized by the user, and outputting the converted signal. Walking guidance information having a high privacy function and high stability and accuracy can be provided to enhance user convenience.

Abstract: There are provided a human body sound transmission system and a method. The human body sound transmission system according to an aspect of the present invention directly or indirectly contacts a human body to apply coupled signals of high frequency sound signals with high frequency signals, which recover sound signals from the high frequency sound signals, to the human body and transmit the sound signals using the human body as a transmission medium, wherein a magnitude of the sound signals recovered around a human's ear is increased in proportion to the number of signals transmitted through the human body by transmitting the plurality of signals including the same sound signals through the human body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating a sound wave is provided. The apparatus includes: a sound wave converter converting a sound wave signal transmitted from a counter apparatus through the human body into an electrical signal when the sound wave is transmitted from the counter apparatus through the human body and converting an electrical signal on data to be output to the counter apparatus into a sound wave; a data processor receiving the converted electrical signal from the sound wave converter and transmitting an electrical signal on the data to be output to the sound wave converter when the data to be output exists; and a switch connected between the sound wave converter and the data processor, the switch transmitting the converted electrical signal to the data processor and transmitting the electrical signal on the data to be output to the sound wave converter. Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently transmit a signal with a low loss of sound wave signal.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus using a frequency selective baseband. Symbol-error correction modulation and demodulation is performed by generating a plurality of subgroups by dividing 2N spread codes or orthogonal codes used for frequency spreading into 2M (M<N) spread codes or orthogonal codes; selecting (P+L) subgroups; acquiring P spread codes by inputting M data bits to each of the selected P subgroups to select one spread code among the 2M spread codes of each subgroup; generating L*M parity bits for symbol error correction using P*M data bits inputted to the selected P subgroups; selecting one spread code among the 2M spread codes of the L subgroups by inputting the L*M parity bits to the L subgroups; and selecting the dominant values among the (P+L) spread codes acquired from the (P+L) subgroups to generate transmitting data including the dominant values, where N, M, P, and L are real numbers.

Abstract: A semiconductor package of a package on package structure reducing an overall thickness of the package and simplifying design complexity of wiring paths is provided. The package includes a first package including a first substrate and a first semiconductor chip portion mounted thereon, a second package disposed on the first package and including a second substrate and a second semiconductor chip portion mounted thereon, and a connection member connecting the first and second substrates. The second semiconductor chip portion includes at least one semiconductor chip including a group of chip pads corresponding to one channel, and the group of chip pads is concentrated on a first edge of the semiconductor chip. An intellectual property core corresponding to the one channel is formed on an edge of the first semiconductor chip portion and the IP core corresponds to the edge on which the group of chip pads is concentrated.

Abstract: Provided are a human body communication apparatus for non-contact communications using a frequency-selective baseband and a human body communication method for non-contact communications in the same. The human body communication apparatus may be useful to perform stable communications between users by reducing interference induced from other communication apparatuses without affecting interference between the users since data are transmitted/received between communication apparatuses adjacent to a human body by spreading and despreading the data using only spreading codes of a limited frequency band (frequency-selective baseband) in which an inductive electromagnetic field formed by an antenna shows the most effective characteristics.

Abstract: A human body communication system is provided. The human body communication system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter transmits a frame including a preamble, which is a Manchester-encoded pseudo noise (PN) code, to the human body. The receiver receives the frame from the human body, performs Manchester-decoding on the frame, performs cross-correlation on the decoding result and the PN code, and performs frame synchronization using the cross-correlation result. Accordingly, clock and data recovery performance is improved. Efficient frame synchronization with reduced computation amount can be provided.

Abstract: A human body sound transmission apparatus and method for minimizing a signal loss are disclosed. The human body sound transmission apparatus includes: an audio signal transmission unit modulating an audio signal desired to be transmitted, and transmitting the modulated audio signal to the vicinity of a user's ear through the human body (i.e., a user's body); and a carrier wave signal transmission unit transmitting a carrier wave signal for demodulating the modulated audio signal to the vicinity of the user's ear through the air.