Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for opening and closing sample storage containers, including: a housing 110 having an external appearance provided such that a handle 130 held by a user is exposed; a driving device 180 for generating driving force to rotate a rotation shaft; a key 150 fitted and coupled to a lid 1 of at least one sample storage container and configured to be rotated by the driving force; and an ejector 160 for pressing the lid 1 when the handle 130 is pressed, so that the key 150 is disengaged from the lid 1.