Abstract: A structure of measuring a residual amount of liquid in a cartridge using a capacitance is described. According to an embodiment, the structure includes: a cartridge configured to receive liquid containing inhalation substances vaporizable by heating; at least one capacitance provided in the cartridge; a level having a signal line electrically connected to the capacitance; a MUX configured to select a signal input from the signal line; an AD converter configured to convert a capacitance value of the signal output from the MUX into a digital value; a calibration part configured to calibrate a signal level of the digital value output from the AD converter into discriminable signal bands; and a control part configured to control the MUX to select the signal and determining the signal value output from the calibration part.

Abstract: A hard disk drive which includes a voice coil motor driving portion which supplies drive current to a voice coil motor, and a controller which compares a supply voltage supplied to predetermined chips installed on a printed circuit board with a parking reference voltage previously set to a voltage higher than a power-on-reset voltage and controls the voice coil motor driving portion to apply current to a voice coil of the voice coil motor through the voice coil motor driving portion to park a magnetic head in a predetermined parking zone, when the supply voltage is lower than the parking reference voltage.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method includes modifying data being copied such that portions of the data that include defects are replaced with dummy data. For example, a defective portion of the data is detected during a copy operation, and the data being copied is modified such that detected defective portions of the data are replaced with the dummy data.

Abstract: A hard disk drive which includes a voice coil motor driving portion which supplies drive current to a voice coil motor, and a controller which compares a supply voltage supplied to predetermined chips installed on a printed circuit board with a parking reference voltage previously set to a voltage higher than a power-on-reset voltage and controls the voice coil motor driving portion to apply current to a voice coil of the voice coil motor through the voice coil motor driving portion to park a magnetic head in a predetermined parking zone, when the supply voltage is lower than the parking reference voltage.

Abstract: An intelligent hard disk drive (HDD) is provided with a track pitch adjustment, which includes a detector for detecting a position difference between a present track position and a target track position during a track search mode to update the track position at every servo interrupt, and an adjuster for adjusting a displacement of a head according to a track of each of a number of zones demarcated on the disk during a track following mode to keep the head on-track.

Abstract: A speaking fire alarm system for not only giving an alarm in voice on an occurrence of a fire but also providing some information necessary for coping with the situations.