Abstract: A method of controlling a navigation apparatus, and which includes measuring, via a sensor, an environmental characteristic including at least one of an altitude of the navigation apparatus and an atmospheric pressure of an atmosphere the navigation apparatus is operating in; extracting, via a controller, a hearing characteristic including a degree of hearing impairment for a user operating the navigation apparatus from a memory based on the measured environmental characteristic; and compensating, via the controller, audio output by the navigation apparatus using the extracted degree of hearing impairment for the user operating the navigation apparatus.

Abstract: A selective booting method and a broadcast receiving apparatus using the same are provided. The broadcast receiving apparatus including: a broadcast reception unit; a display which displays a broadcast received through the broadcast reception unit; a storage unit which stores a plurality of drivers of hardware provided on the broadcast receiving apparatus; and a controller which selectively loads a first driver, among the stored drivers, of first hardware for executing a first operation selected from among a plurality of operations, and then loads a second driver. Therefore, a user may execute foremost a desired operation.

Abstract: A storage device and a driving method thereof which enables a stored media file to be played in any media player are described. The storage device includes a storage unit which stores a media file of a media player. The storage device includes a connector which is connected to the media player. A converter converts the media file stored in the storage unit based on an attribute of the media file. A controller controls the converter to convert the media file to be played by the media player, based on the attribute, and transmits the converted media file to the media player. This allows a media file which stored in a storage device to be played on any media player.

Abstract: Novel compounds having indazole frameworks, as well as a method for preparing the same and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same are provided. The compounds of the present invention can inhibit protein kinase activity and thus the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used to prevent or treat diseases or disorders which are related to protein kinase activity.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating image files, the method including: obtaining a first web page; extracting, from the first web page, link information, through which moving a second web page from the first web page is performed; downloading the second web page according to the extracted link information; and converting the first and second web pages into respective image files.

Abstract: A vehicle, vehicle control apparatus and method of a telematics terminal are disclosed to allow a user to quickly determine and cope with a vehicle event. The vehicle control method includes: when an event informing about a vehicle event occurs, transmitting notification information corresponding to the event and/or control information previously determined for processing the event to a mobile communication terminal via a wireless communication network; and when user request information with respect to the control information is received from the mobile communication terminal, controlling a vehicle according to the received user request information.

Abstract: A method of controlling a navigation apparatus, and which includes measuring, via a sensor, an environmental characteristic including at least one of an altitude of the navigation apparatus and an atmospheric pressure of an atmosphere the navigation apparatus is operating in; extracting, via a controller, a hearing characteristic including a degree of hearing impairment for a user operating the navigation apparatus from a memory based on the measured environmental characteristic; and compensating, via the controller, audio output by the navigation apparatus using the extracted degree of hearing impairment for the user operating the navigation apparatus.

Abstract: A device and method for managing a schedule of one or more events in a navigation device of a vehicle. The method includes determining by the navigation device that a predetermined vehicle event has occurred; receiving the schedule by the navigation device based upon the step of determining; and issuing an alert by the navigation device that a scheduled event has passed, is occurring or will occur within a predetermined time.

Abstract: The inventive imidazopyridine derivative can be used in a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diseases such as diabetes, obesity, dementia, cancer, and inflammation, since it can efficiently inhibit the activities of several protein kinases including glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), aurora kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (AKT), and the likes, to control signal transductions thereof.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus to provide time based plot data of contents. The method includes extracting a time of requesting plot data, based on time information that is recorded on a predetermined unit-by-unit basis, when a signal to request plot data is received while contents are being reproduced; checking whether there is time based plot metadata corresponding to the requested plot data; and extracting plot data corresponding to a period from a start time of contents to the time of requesting the plot data and displaying the plot data if the time based plot metadata exists.

Abstract: Provided are method and apparatus to provide user-customized content using mark log information of a user to provide content that are customized according to a user. The method includes display selected content, generating mark log information of a user according to markings of the displayed content, searching content related to the mark log information on a server and linking the content found via the searching to the mark log information.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for generating a movie-in-short (MIS). The method includes extracting metadata, in which predetermined points of time of content are recorded, generating a list of at least one MIS by using storage addresses of the points of time or reproduction points of time, which are indicated by the extracted metadata, storing the list, and reproducing a summary by reproducing the content during a predetermined time based on a point of time indicated by at least one MIS of the stored list.

Abstract: An apparatus for reproducing contents includes a reading unit which reads at least one of a plurality of reproduction setting information and at least one of a plurality of contents from a mobile recording medium, a control unit which analyzes the at least one of the plurality of reproduction setting information and sets a reproduction environment to reproduce the contents recorded on the mobile recording medium based on the analyzed at least one of the plurality of reproduction setting information, and a reproduction unit which reproduces the at least one of the plurality of contents based on the set reproduction environment.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for providing state information of a digital device in a home network. The apparatus includes a first network interface module receiving changed state information data from the digital device in the home network, and a control module updating state information of the digital device on the basis of the received state information data.

Abstract: Methods of forming integrated circuit capacitors include the steps of forming a lower electrode of a capacitor by forming a conductive layer pattern (e.g., silicon layer) on a semiconductor substrate and then forming a hemispherical grain (HSG) silicon surface layer of first conductivity type on the conductive layer pattern. The inclusion of a HSG silicon surface layer on an outer surface of the conductive layer pattern increases the effective surface area of the lower electrode for a given lateral dimension. The HSG silicon surface layer is also preferably sufficiently doped with first conductivity type dopants (e.g., N-type) to minimize the size of any depletion layer which may be formed in the lower electrode when the capacitor is reverse biased and thereby improve the capacitor's characteristic Cmin/Cmax ratio. A diffusion barrier layer (e.g., silicon nitride) is also formed on the lower electrode and then a dielectric layer is formed on the diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming integrated circuit capacitors include the steps of forming a lower electrode of a capacitor by forming a conductive layer pattern (e.g., silicon layer) on a semiconductor substrate and then forming a hemispherical grain (HSG) silicon surface layer of first conductivity type on the conductive layer pattern. The inclusion of a HSG silicon surface layer on an outer surface of the conductive layer pattern increases the effective surface area of the lower electrode for a given lateral dimension. The HSG silicon surface layer is also preferably sufficiently doped with first conductivity type dopants (e.g., N-type) to minimize the size of any depletion layer which may be formed in the lower electrode when the capacitor is reverse biased and thereby improve the capacitor's characteristic Cmin/Cmax ratio. A diffusion barrier layer (e.g., silicon nitride) is also formed on the lower electrode and then a dielectric layer is formed on the diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming integrated circuit capacitors include the steps of forming a lower electrode of a capacitor by forming a conductive layer pattern (e.g., silicon layer) on a semiconductor substrate and then forming a hemispherical grain (HSG) silicon surface layer of first conductivity type on the conductive layer pattern. The inclusion of a HSG silicon surface layer on an outer surface of the conductive layer pattern increases the effective surface area of the lower electrode for a given lateral dimension. The HSG silicon surface layer is also preferably sufficiently doped with first conductivity type dopants (e.g., N-type) to minimize the size of any depletion layer which may be formed in the lower electrode when the capacitor is reverse biased and thereby improve the capacitor's characteristic Cmin/Cmax ratio. A diffusion barrier layer (e.g., silicon nitride) is also formed on the lower electrode and then a dielectric layer is formed on the diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming integrated circuit capacitors include the steps of forming a lower electrode of a capacitor by forming a conductive layer pattern (e.g., silicon layer) on a semiconductor substrate and then forming a hemispherical grain (HSG) silicon surface layer of first conductivity type on the conductive layer pattern. The inclusion of a HSG silicon surface layer on an outer surface of the conductive layer pattern increases the effective surface area of the lower electrode for a given lateral dimension. The HSG silicon surface layer is also preferably sufficiently doped with first conductivity type dopants (e.g., N-type) to minimize the size of any depletion layer which may be formed in the lower electrode when the capacitor is reverse biased and thereby improve the capacitor's characteristic Cmin/Cmax ratio. A diffusion barrier layer (e.g., silicon nitride) is also formed on the lower electrode and then a dielectric layer is formed on the diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming integrated circuit capacitors include the steps of forming a lower electrode of a capacitor by forming a conductive layer pattern (e.g., silicon layer) on a semiconductor substrate and then forming a hemispherical grain (HSG) silicon surface layer of first conductivity type on the conductive layer pattern. The inclusion of a HSG silicon surface layer on an outer surface of the conductive layer pattern increases the effective surface area of the lower electrode for a given lateral dimension. The HSG silicon surface layer is also preferably sufficiently doped with first conductivity type dopants (e.g., N-type) to minimize the size of any depletion layer which may be formed in the lower electrode when the capacitor is reverse biased and thereby improve the capacitor's characteristic Cmin/Cmax ratio. A diffusion barrier layer (e.g., silicon nitride) is also formed on the lower electrode and then a dielectric layer is formed on the diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a capacitor of a semiconductor memory device. A conductive layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate and a photoresist pattern is formed on the conductive layer. The conductive layer is etched, using the photoresist pattern as a mask to form a first step-portion in the conductive layer. A first spacer is formed on a sidewall of the photoresist pattern, which may be formed by flowing the photoresist pattern. The conductive layer is etched, using the first spacer as a mask, to form a second step-portion in the conductive layer. The photoresist pattern and the first spacer is removed. A first material layer is formed on the entire surface of the resultant structure and etched to form a second spacer on the sidewalls of the first and second step-portions. The conductive layer is etched, using the second spacer as a mask, to form a storage electrode of a capacitor. Cell capacitance may be increased by a simple process, and the heat cycle may be reduced.