Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a semiconductor substrate, a first electrode on the semiconductor substrate, a resistive layer on the first electrode, a second electrode on the resistive layer and at least one tunneling layer interposed between the resistive layer and the first electrode and/or the second electrode. The resistive layer and the tunneling layer may support transition between first and second resistance states responsive to first and second voltages applied across the first and second electrodes. The first and second voltages may have opposite polarities.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a bottom electrode on a semiconductor substrate, a data storage layer on the bottom electrode, the data storage layer including a transition metal oxide, and a switching layer provided on a top surface and/or a bottom surface of the data storage layer, wherein a bond energy of material included in the switching layer and oxygen is more than a bond energy of a transition metal in the transition metal oxide and oxygen.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a technique for configuring a network component in a computer network includes coupling the network component to a first computer and a second computer. The network component may be an appliance while the second computer may be a management server for the appliance, for example. A data unit, such as an Internet Protocol (IP) packet, can be sent from the first computer and the data unit can be observed by the appliance such that a source of the data unit may be determined. The source address of the data unit can then be adopted as an appliance address. Also, the appliance address may be forwarded from the appliance to the management server for registration. The appliance may be a transparent security appliance or device, for example. Among other advantages, the technique allows for plug-and-play accommodation of network components with good usability across different network configurations.

Abstract: A GSM/UMTS emulator is disclosed for emulating a real network so that certain device functionalities can be easily tested. The architecture of such a GSM/UMTS emulator may include a terminal PC and a server. The terminal PC runs the device (including a radio interface layer and a multiplexer). The server acts as the application server to emulate UMTS network performance. Such an emulator may enable testing of both control information and data applications.

Abstract: The invention provides an antivirus network or Internet appliance and methods therefor. A preferred embodiment of the Internet appliance according to the invention comprises an interface connecting the Internet appliance to a terminal, a memory, and a network connection connecting the Internet appliance to a network (such as a wide area network (WAN) or the Internet) wherein data in the network are operable with a corresponding network protocol (such as TCP/IP). Protocol-level programs are stored in the memory for receiving data being transmitted from the network to the terminal through the Internet appliance wherein the protocol-level programs are compatibly operable with the network protocol. Application-level antivirus programs are stored in the memory for detecting computer viruses in the received data serving as a firewall against the detected computer viruses for the terminal.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods for efficiently identifying international outbound calls, in the telecommunications network (TN) of the outgoing country, which should be screened as possibly requiring processing according to a Global Virtual Network Service (GVNS), as opposed to conventional international long distance (ILD) call processing. In particular, the present invention is directed to outbound international GVNS calls, known as “on-net,” which are from-one GVNS location to another GVNS location of the same customer. International calls that are not Outbound International GVNS On-net calls, referred to as Other ILD calls, include at least three types: standard ILD, non-GVNS data and international GVNS off-net calls. Standard ILD, non-GVNS data calls and international GVNS off-net calls all have a routing number which comprises a country code (CC) followed by a national number (NN).

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods for efficiently identifying international outbound calls, in the telecommunications network (TN) of the outgoing country, which should be screened as possibly requiring processing according to a Global Virtual Network Service (GVNS), as opposed to conventional international long distance (ILD) call processing. In particular, the present invention is directed to outbound international GVNS calls, known as “on-net,” which are from one GVNS location to another GVNS location of the same customer. International calls that are not Outbound International GVNS On-net calls, referred to as Other ILD calls, include at least three types: standard ILD, non-GVNS data and international GVNS off-net calls. Standard ILD, non-GVNS data calls and international GVNS off-net calls all have a routing number which comprises a country code (CC) followed by a national number (NN).

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods for efficiently identifying international outbound calls, in the telecommunications network (TN) of the outgoing country, which should be screened as possibly requiring processing according to a Global Virtual Network Service (GVNS), as opposed to conventional international long distance (ILD) call processing. In particular, the present invention is directed to outbound international GVNS calls, known as “on-net,” which are from one GVNS location to another GVNS location of the same customer. International calls that are not Outbound International GVNS On-net calls, referred to as Other ILD calls, include at least three types: standard ILD, non-GVNS data and international GVNS off-net calls. Standard ILD, non-GVNS data calls and international GVNS off-net calls all have a routing number which comprises a country code (CC) followed by a national number (NN).

Abstract: The routing of calls of different classes of services as well as the administration thereof is enhanced by associating each such class of service with a number of parameters common to such services, such that each class of service, as well as a new class of service, may be readily identified by its respective parameter values. Accordingly, the routing and administration of calls of different classes of services may be handled in a systematic, straight forward manner so that basic network capabilities may be made available to various services using an administratively defined menu like structure. In addition, such class of service advantageously partitions network bandwidth allocation, call routing priority, voice/data transport, and traffic data registers into respective classes of services.

Abstract: An arrangement for routing calls from a source switch to a destination switch in a telecommunications network. If a direct trunk is available between the two switches, that trunk is used. Otherwise, the destination switch is queried to obtain availability data of trunks to that switch from intermediate switches of the network. This availability data is then compared with availability data of trunks from the source switch to the intermediate switches. A route is then selected using an intermediate switch having available trunks from the source switch and to the destination switch. If a route using lightly loaded trunk groups is available, that route is selected in preference to the use of a route using more heavily loaded trunk groups. Advantageously, routing is performed to dynamically optimize selection of a route based on the current state of the network.

Abstract: A communications network is arranged so that an external switching office is connected to the network via multiple ingress/egress nodes such that an originating node which receives a call destined for the external office may route the call through the network to one of the ingress/egress nodes in accordance with a particular class (type) of routing specified in one of a number of routing treatments. Such routing treatments are associated with the external office and at least identify respective ones of the ingress/egress nodes connected to the external office.