Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device can comprise a substrate, a device stack, first and second internal interconnects, and an encapsulant. The substrate can comprise a first and second substrate sides opposite each other, a substrate outer sidewall between the first substrate side and the second substrate side, and a substrate inner sidewall defining a cavity between the first substrate side and the second substrate side. The device stack can be in the cavity and can comprise a first electronic device, and a second electronic device stacked on the first electronic device. The first internal interconnect can be coupled to the substrate and the device stack. The encapsulant can cover the substrate inner sidewall and the device stack and can fill the cavity. Other examples and related methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, provided is a beauty medical device comprising: a handpiece body having an ultrasonic emission surface prepared at one end; an ultrasonic generation unit which is provided inside the handpiece body and which generates an ultrasonic wave so as to emit same at the skin through the ultrasonic emission surface; and a high frequency generation unit disposed on the circumference of the ultrasonic emission surface at one end of the handpiece body so as to generate a high frequency.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus and a method of performing an optical power study and detecting writing power in the optical disc apparatus. An optical pickup includes a light source to emit a laser beam according to an input optical power signal, an optical power detector to detect optical power of the laser beam using part of the laser beam, and an actuator to drive a lens to form a beam spot. To reduce the time required for the power study, a controller positions the optical pickup in a specific area of a disc and applies a predetermined range of optical power signals to the light source to perform the power study to determine its optical power characteristics using the optical power signal and the detected optical power while maintaining the actuator in a driving state in which writing and reading is possible.

Abstract: A method for controlling the recording power of an optical disc apparatus. The method can search for an optimum recording power using a starting power stored in a recordable high density optical disc based on a manufacturer thereof, and perform recording operations with the optimum recording power while the start power is properly varied through an Optimum Power Control (OPC) procedure. The method comprises the operations of: obtaining an initial start power for performing the OPC procedure of a recordable optical disc; performing the OPC procedure, and judging whether the initial start power is within a range of allowable levels for determining the optimum recording power of the optical disc; re-performing the OPC procedure by varying the initial start power when the initial start power deviates from the range of allowable levels; and storing the new start power when within the range of allowable levels for improved subsequent OPC procedures.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus is provided with optimum power control (OPC) to determine an optimum laser power needed for recording data on an optical disc. Such an apparatus comprises a controller to determine optimum writing power in such a way of re-establishing a new test zone when an erasing error is detected on an initially established test zone in order to perform the OPC. When the erasing error is detected on a test zone of an OPC zone, a new test zone is re-established, so that OPC is performed rapidly while reducing an error frequency occurring when optimum writing power is not determined.

Abstract: A method for correctly determining optimum recording power through detecting whether a radio frequency (RF) top channel signal is correct, including determining a certain location for performing optimum power control (OPC) by checking a counter area in a power calibration area (PCA) in an optical recording medium, and recording an eight to fourteen modulation signal (EFM) in a test area in the PCA, performing analog/digital sampling with respect to an RF top channel signal and an RF bottom channel signal which are generated while reading test data repeatedly recorded in the PCA in regular sequence, and checking a noise level of the sampled RF top channel signal, and when the noise level of the RF top channel signal is greater than a preset reference value, determining that an error has occurred in detecting the optimum recording power to therefore abandon a certain area in the PCA wherein the OPC is being performed, and re-performing the OPC in a new area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing a malfunction of a disc drive due to an operation error of a correction function for a minimum pit length by selectively performing the correction function based on an operative state of the disc drive. The method includes a first monitoring operation determining whether an operative state of the disc drive is stable when a disc is loaded into the disc drive, controlling a turning on of a correction function for a minimum pit length if the operative state of the disc drive is stable, and a second monitoring operation determining whether the operative state of the disc drive is stable after turning the correction function for the minimum pit length on and turning the correction function off if the operative state of the disc drive is determined to be unstable based on the second monitoring result.

Abstract: An apparatus for setting an offset in a DVD player includes: an offset measuring unit which measures one or more offset parameters for initial reproducing operations of the DVD player; and an offset setting unit which, when the offset measuring unit measures the one or more offset parameters a number of times, calculates an average value of the measured offset values of the one or more offset parameters and sets, for each of the one or more offset parameters of the DVD player, the average value as a set offset value.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus and a method of performing an optical power study and detecting writing power in the optical disc apparatus. An optical pickup includes a light source to emit a laser beam according to an input optical power signal, an optical power detector to detect optical power of the laser beam using part of the laser beam, and an actuator to drive a lens to form a beam spot. To reduce the time required for the power study, a controller positions the optical pickup in a specific area of a disc and applies a predetermined range of optical power signals to the light source to perform the power study to determine its optical power characteristics using the optical power signal and the detected optical power while maintaining the actuator in a driving state in which writing and reading is possible.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus and a method of determining an optimal writing power are provided to reduce the time required for Optimum Power Calibration (OPC) and reduce the difference between OPC results. The optical disc apparatus includes a light source which emits a laser beam to write/read data to/from an optical disc; a reader which receives a laser beam reflected from the optical disc and reads data written on the optical disc; and a controller which, to reduce the difference between OPC results, controls the light source to write test data more than once for determining an optimal writing power, controls the reader to read the test data, measures read quality of the test data, and detects an optimal writing power based on the measured read quality.

Abstract: A method to determine an optimal erase power in an optical disc apparatus detects optimal erase power in an erasing operation before performing an optimum power calibration (OPC) for detecting optimal recording power of an optical disc, and includes: acquiring a power-to-modulation curve, in which applied power is changed to adjust an amount of light which is incident on the optical disc; calculating an amount of change of modulation according to the change of the power in the power-to-modulation curve; and setting the optimal erase power using the calculated change amount of the modulation. Therefore, a part to have the OPC performed is erased by the optimal erase power and then the OPC is performed such that an OPC performance result having a relatively high reliability can be obtained.

Abstract: An optical recording/reproducing apparatus and an OPC-performing method are provided for restudying drive characteristics of an optical source after performing OPC test recording and OPC measurement to ensure accurate optimum power control (OPC) for recording data on an optical disc, particularly, when the drive characteristics vary according to temperature changes of the optical source. The OPC-performing method comprises performing OPC recording as test recording for OPC and OPC measurement as measurement of an OPC recording state; performing a power analysis of drive characteristics of an optical source, and obtaining optical source drive characteristics after the OPC recording and the OPC measurement; and performing OPC calculation for determination of an optimum optical source drive level as an optical source drive level for enabling optimum beams of optimum recording power to be emitted from the optical source, based on the OPC recording state and the optical source drive characteristics obtained.

Abstract: A method for correctly determining optimum recording power through detecting whether a radio frequency (RF) top channel signal is correct, including determining a certain location for performing optimum power control (OPC) by checking a counter area in a power calibration area (PCA) in an optical recording medium, and recording an eight to fourteen modulation signal (EFM) in a test area in the PCA, performing analog/digital sampling with respect to an RF top channel signal and an RF bottom channel signal which are generated while reading test data repeatedly recorded in the PCA in regular sequence, and checking a noise level of the sampled RF top channel signal, and when the noise level of the RF top channel signal is greater than a preset reference value, determining that an error has occurred in detecting the optimum recording power to therefore abandon a certain area in the PCA wherein the OPC is being performed, and re-performing the OPC in a new area.

Abstract: A method of erasing a power calibration area (PCA) for determining optimum power, including applying a command for recording data, detecting a non-recorded PCA area for performing optimum power control (OPC), and when all the PCA area is used and no non-recorded PCA area is detected, performing erasing of the PCA area at least twice. Accordingly, since the PCA area is erased at least twice, reliability of the optimum recording power determined by performing the OPC is much improved.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus and method are disclosed. The apparatus and method comprise receiving a selection signal for a first mode of a plurality of color modes set in order to implement the information menu displayed as a plurality of pixels each having a first index. Identifying information is stored for a palette mapped to the selected first mode of a plurality of palettes stored for each of the plurality of color modes. Each of second indexes mapped to the each first indexes provided are stored for each color of the pixels from the palette corresponding to the stored identifying information when a display request signal for the information menu is received. The information menu is generated as a displayable signal using the read second indexes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing a malfunction of a disc drive due to an operation error of a correction function for a minimum pit length by selectively performing the correction function based on an operative state of the disc drive. The method includes a first monitoring operation determining whether an operative state of the disc drive is stable when a disc is loaded into the disc drive, controlling a turning on of a correction function for a minimum pit length if the operative state of the disc drive is stable, and a second monitoring operation determining whether the operative state of the disc drive is stable after turning the correction function for the minimum pit length on and turning the correction function off if the operative state of the disc drive is determined to be unstable based on the second monitoring result.

Abstract: An apparatus for setting an offset in a DVD player includes: an offset measuring unit which measures one or more offset parameters for initial reproducing operations of the DVD player; and an offset setting unit which, when the offset measuring unit measures the one or more offset parameters a number of times, calculates an average value of the measured offset values of the one or more offset parameters and sets, for each of the one or more offset parameters of the DVD player, the average value as a set offset value.