Abstract: The present invention provides methods for fabricating field-effect devices and sensor arrays. The field of the invention also pertains to methods of using the sensors individually, in combination, and in array fashion to detect molecules. The present invention also provides for products produced by the methods of the present invention and for apparatuses used to perform the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: Described herein are recombinant integral membrane proteins having multiple transmembrane domains that have been engineered to be less hydrophobic, through alteration of the amino acid sequence of the native protein, but retain the ability to bind their natural ligand. The decreased hydrophobicity of the described proteins makes them more water soluble than the native protein, which allows the described proteins to be expressed in bacteria in large quantities and isolated in the absence of membranes, all while retaining the ability to interact with known ligands.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for fabricating field-effect devices and sensor arrays. The field of the invention also pertains to methods of using the sensors individually, in combination, and in array fashion to detect molecules. The present invention also provides for products produced by the methods of the present invention and for apparatuses used to perform the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: Described herein are recombinant integral membrane proteins having multiple transmembrane domains that have been engineered to be less hydrophobic, through alteration of the amino acid sequence of the native protein, but retain the ability to bind their natural ligand. The decreased hydrophobicity of the described proteins makes them more water soluble than the native protein, which allows the described proteins to be expressed in bacteria in large quantities and isolated in the absence of membranes, all while retaining the ability to interact with known ligands.

Abstract: The present invention provides a UE context release method, eNB and home eNB gateway. The method comprises the following steps: a source eNB determines whether the gateway release determination information sent from the home eNB gateway has been received after a user terminal finishes the handover; and if the source eNB has received the gateway release determination information, the signaling being used to indicate the home eNB gateway to release the context of the user terminal is prohibited from being sent to the home eNB gateway.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for access control of a terminal, which is applied to the access control of the terminal in a terminal handover process. The method comprises: a source access network element notifying a target access network element of closed subscriber group configuration information of a source cell via a direct interface, and the target access network element determining whether to allow the terminal to access to a target cell based on closed subscriber group configuration information of the target cell and the closed subscriber group configuration information of the source cell. The present invention further discloses a method for access control of a terminal and an access equipment. The present invention provides a feasible scheme for the access control process when the terminal performs handover via a direct interface.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and a system for implementing a direct interface between access network nodes. The method includes: establishing, by an access network node, a direct interface with a proxy node (300); exchanging, by the access network node, information with an access network node managed by the proxy node through the established direct interface (301). By establishing a direct interface between access network nodes and performing a direct interface flow through a proxy node, the disclosure simplifies the establishment and maintenance of the direct interface on the premise that the handover speed is increased and the signaling load of a core network is decreased, thereby reducing the complexity of the establishment and maintenance of the direct interface.

Abstract: A method and system for accessing a local network by a mobile terminal via a home base station system are provided. The method comprises: a home base station subsystem, in which the mobile terminal is located, sending an ID of a local gateway module in the home base station subsystem to a core network management network element, and the core network management network element determining that the mobile terminal needs to access the local network, and setting up a GPRS tunneling control bearer with the home base station subsystem according to the ID, so that the mobile terminal can access the local network via the home base station subsystem. The method and the system makes the core network acquire the address of the local GGSN/PDN-GW corresponding to the home base station without manual configuration, thus reducing the complexity of the network configuration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and device for Access Class (AC) barring. The method comprises: determining the state-related AC barring parameters of a terminal according to the state AC barring information of the terminal and the membership of the terminal in a cell; barring AC according to the determined state-related AC barring parameters. The present invention solves the problem that in related techniques it can not be guaranteed that member UEs own higher priority than non-member UEs do. Hence it improves the effect of AC barring and conduces to improve user experience.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for acquiring information of a home NodeB, a method for balancing load, and implementation apparatuses thereof, which are used to solve the problem how to guide a UE to move to an appropriate home NodeB when a macro cell performs load balancing. In the present invention, information of a target NodeB is acquired actively through a macro NodeB, and according to an access type of the target NodeB, subscribers of the macro NodeB are timely balanced to the home NodeB which can provide services, thereby reducing a call drop rate resulted from blind handover. Since measurement information of the UE is fully considered, success rate of balancing handover is enhanced, and the object of performing effective load balancing in a home NodeB environment is achieved.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for notifying update information to a Core Network (CN), the method includes: a target access network element sends Close Subscriber Group (CSG) information of a cell that a User Equipment (UE) currently accesses to the CN after the UE is handed over from a source access network element to the target access network element; or the UE sends the CSG information of the cell that the UE currently accesses to the CN after receiving an instruction from the target access network element. According to the technical solution of the disclosure, when the CN does not participate in the handover process, the CSG information of the cell that the UE currently accesses is notified to the CN.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for information transmission, the method including: in a process of a terminal initial accessing and/or the terminal handing over, an upper level access node belonging to a hierarchical architecture access network notifying a final access node belonging to the same hierarchical architecture access network of information of a mobility management entity (MME) to which the terminal accesses. The present invention also discloses an access node. The present invention makes the final access node acquire the information of the MME to which the terminal accesses so that the final access node can perform X2 handover via the acquired information of the MME.

Abstract: A method and system for processing failure of a handover to a CSG cell are provided, which are used to solve the technical problem of the interface signaling consumption and network performance degradation caused by the handover of a UE to a non-member CSG cell. When the UE is not an authorized subscriber of a target CSG cell, a core network notifies a source NodeB of the non-member failure information, thereby enforcing the UE to update an allowed CSG list to prevent the source NodeB or a source Radio Network Controller (RNC) or a source HNB from sending a handover required signaling to identical target cells, or prevents the UE from sending a handover request to identical target cells frequently by setting a delay timer, or the source NodeB or the source RNC or the source home NodeB prevents the UE from handing over to a neighboring CSG cell with identical CSG Identity (ID) under the condition of being able to acquire the CSG ID of the target CSG cell.

Abstract: A Method and a system for a Home NodeB (HNB) of Hybrid Access Mode to obtain the access mode of a User Equipment (UE) are provided by the present disclosure. During the registering process of the UE, a Home NodeB Gateway (HNB GW) determines the access membership of the UE according to the capability, the register reason of the UE and the access mode of the HNB itself, and transmits the access mode of the UE to the HNB. The method of the present disclosure enables the HNB of Hybrid Access Mode to differentiate subscribers from non-subscribers, therefore ensuing that users of different memberships (Close/Open) are processed differently, so that HNB can realize indeed to process services of different UEs corresponding to different Quality of Service (QoSes).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for access control of a terminal, which is applied to the access control of the terminal in a terminal handover process. The method comprises: a source access network element notifying a target access network element of closed subscriber group configuration information of a source cell via a direct interface, and the target access network element determining whether to allow the terminal to access to a target cell based on closed subscriber group configuration information of the target cell and the closed subscriber group configuration information of the source cell. The present invention further discloses a method for access control of a terminal and an access equipment. The present invention provides a feasible scheme for the access control process when the terminal performs handover via a direct interface.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for acquiring information of a home NodeB, a method for balancing load, and implementation apparatuses thereof, which are used to solve the problem how to guide a UE to move to an appropriate home NodeB when a macro cell performs load balancing. In the present invention, information of a target NodeB is acquired actively through a macro NodeB, and according to an access type of the target NodeB, subscribers of the macro NodeB are timely balanced to the home NodeB which can provide services, thereby reducing a call drop rate resulted from blind handover. Since measurement information of the UE is fully considered, success rate of balancing handover is enhanced, and the object of performing effective load balancing in a home NodeB environment is achieved.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for information transmission, the method including: in a process of a terminal initial accessing and/or the terminal handing over, an upper level access node belonging to a hierarchical architecture access network notifying a final access node belonging to the same hierarchical architecture access network of information of a mobility management entity (MME) to which the terminal accesses. The present invention also discloses an access node. The present invention makes the final access node acquire the information of the MME to which the terminal accesses so that the final access node can perform X2 handover via the acquired information of the MME.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and a system for implementing a direct interface between access network nodes. The method includes: establishing, by an access network node, a direct interface with a proxy node (300); exchanging, by the access network node, information with an access network node managed by the proxy node through the established direct interface (301). By establishing a direct interface between access network nodes and performing a direct interface flow through a proxy node, the disclosure simplifies the establishment and maintenance of the direct interface on the premise that the handover speed is increased and the signaling load of a core network is decreased, thereby reducing the complexity of the establishment and maintenance of the direct interface.

Abstract: A method for selecting and establishing a direct interface is provided. The method includes: when a target network element accesses a network element of a core network (CN) via a target gateway, a source side or a target side selects to establish a direct interface with the target gateway and/or the target network element. A system for selecting and establishing a direct interface is also provided. The system includes a selection and establishment unit for, when the target network element accesses the network element of the CN via the target gateway, selecting to establish the direct interface with the target gateway and/or the target network element by the source side or the target side. Use of the method and system in the present invention can realize establishment of an optional direct interface, so that a plurality of direct interface schemes can be selected.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and system for cell update. The method comprises: a target home NodeB receiving cell update signaling sent by a User Equipment (UE); the target home NodeB sending signaling carrying cell update information to a Source Radio Network Controller (SRNC) through a home NodeB gateway and a core network, or sending the signaling carrying the cell update information to a source home NodeB through the home NodeB gateway; the target home NodeB receiving signaling carrying UE Context and returned by the SRNC or the source home NodeB; and the target home NodeB allocating corresponding radio resources to the UE and sending a cell update confirmation message to the UE. The system is used to implement the method for cell update. The method and system enables the UE to perform cell update without restriction.