Abstract: Light-emitting diodes having radiative recombination regions with deep sub-micron dimensions are described. The LEDs can be fabricated from indirect bandgap semiconductors and operated under forward bias conditions to produce intense light output from the indirect bandgap material. The light output per unit emission area can be over 500 W cm?2, exceeding the performance of even high brightness gallium nitride LEDs.

Abstract: Light-emitting diodes having radiative recombination regions with deep sub-micron dimensions are described. The LEDs can be fabricated from indirect bandgap semiconductors and operated under forward bias conditions to produce intense light output from the indirect bandgap material. The light output per unit emission area can be over 500 W cm?2, exceeding the performance of even high brightness gallium nitride LEDs.

Abstract: Semiconductor optical modulators are described that utilize bipolar junction transistor (BJT) structure within the optical modulator. The junctions within the BJT can be designed and biased to increase modulator efficiency and speed. An optical mode may be located in a selected region of the BJT structure to improve modulation efficiency. The BJT structure can be included in optical waveguides of interferometers and resonators to form optical modulators.

Abstract: Semiconductor optical modulators are described that utilize bipolar junction transistor (BJT) structure within the optical modulator. The junctions within the BJT can be designed and biased to increase modulator efficiency and speed. An optical mode may be located in a selected region of the BJT structure to improve modulation efficiency. The BJT structure can be included in optical waveguides of interferometers and resonators to form optical modulators.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of energy-saving control of manufacturing system and specifically discloses a fuzzy energy saving control method for a manufacturing system based on real-time production data, comprising: (1) obtaining the amount of work-in-process (WIP) in an upstream buffer and the amount of WIP in a downstream buffer of a currently running machine as two input variables for fuzzy reasoning; (2) performing fuzzy reasoning with a fuzzy rule based on the amount of WIP in the upstream buffer and the amount of WIP in the downstream buffer to obtain a fuzzy output value; and (3) comparing the fuzzy output value with a predefined threshold to determine whether the fuzzy output value is less than the threshold or not, if yes, stopping the currently running machine, and if not, keeping the current state.

Abstract: Provided in the present invention is an adjustment and design method of an illumination system matched with multiple objective lenses in an extreme ultraviolet lithography machine; the illumination system to which the method is applied comprises a light source, a collection lens, a field compound eye, a pupil compound eye and a relay lens group; the method specifically comprises the steps: before a projection objective lens of an extreme ultraviolet lithography machine is replaced, calculating aperture angles of emergent ray of a relay lens A on a meridian plane and a sagittal plane by means of ray tracing; after the projection objective lens of the extreme ultraviolet lithography machine is replaced, taking out a central point of a exit pupil plane as an object point for ray tracing; adjusting inclination angles and positions of the relay lens A and a relay lens B, and adjusting inclination angles of central compound eye units of the pupil compound eye and the field compound eye, till an image plane of a cur

Abstract: A drinking mug including a rigid liquid container having a continuous side wall, a closed bottom and an open top. An outer sleeve is disposed around the side wall of the container. The outer sleeve includes a bottom portion that extends beyond the closed bottom of the container and that terminates at a bottom edge. A base member is held in contact with the bottom edge of the outer sleeve and spaced from the closed bottom of the container. A foam layer is disposed between the closed bottom of the container and the base member and extends between the outer sleeve and the side wall of the container.