Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for sharing map revision details. A method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes receiving, from a first user terminal, first revision details generated based on an initial map and a first revised map revised from the initial map, receiving, from a second user terminal, second revision details generated based on the initial map and a second revised map revised from the initial map, transmitting the second revision details to the first user terminal and transmitting the first revision details to the second user terminal, and according to a result of the transmissions, reflecting in real time the second revision details on the first revised map displayed on the first user terminal and reflecting in real time the first revision details on the second revised map displayed on the second user terminal.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus may include a charging circuit configured to receive an external voltage and to generate a charging voltage by charging and discharging energy by switching according to a level of the charging voltage; an auxiliary power circuit configured to store an electric charge using the charging voltage; and a health monitoring circuit configured to determine a charging health state of the auxiliary power circuit by counting a number of switchings of the charging circuit during an interval in which the charging voltage rises to a first level from a second level, the determined charging health state being based on the number of switchings.

Abstract: A laser device includes a light source part; an optical path adjustment part; a light distribution part that splits a laser beam into a plurality of sub-beams to a substrate; a drive part that moves the light distribution part and adjusts relative positions between the light distribution part and the substrate; a sensing part; and a control part. The control part generates an image based on a signal sensed by the sensing part and measures an image contrast of the image. The control part records and compares a plurality of image contrasts according to the position of the light distribution part to determine an optimal position of the light distribution part.

Abstract: A laser etching method include performing a first emission process by emitting a laser beam from a laser module toward a substrate fastened to a chuck in a laser etching chamber, moving a protection window between the chuck and the laser module in a first direction by a first distance after the performing the first emission process, performing a second emission process by emitting a laser beam from the laser module after the moving the protection window in the first direction by the first distance, moving the protection window in an opposite direction of the first direction by a second distance after the performing the second emission process, and performing a third emission process by emitting a laser beam from the laser module after the moving the protection window in the opposite direction of the first direction by the second distance.

Abstract: Disclosed are a holographic writing method and apparatus capable of re-writing (updating) holographic information and quickly writing the holographic information with high efficiency. In an embodiment, a holographic writing method for writing holographic information by emitting a beam at a holographic recording medium containing a photo-responsable polymer material having photoisomerization characteristics that change a molecular structure thereof by absorbing light energy, writes the holographic information by using a writing wavelength different from a maximum absorption wavelength in a light absorption spectrum of photoisomer molecule structures of the holographic recording medium. The maximum absorption wavelength is a wavelength at which light absorption rate is maximum in the light absorption spectrum.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including a stacked structure formed of a plurality of dielectric layers, and a plurality of internal electrodes, and external electrodes, wherein the body is divided into a central portion, and cover portions, the body has first to sixth surfaces, in the body, the cover portion forms corner edges having a curved surface, and if a radius of curvature of each of the corner edges at which the third and fourth surfaces meet the fifth and sixth surfaces refers to R1, and a radius of curvature of each of the corner edges at which the third and fourth surfaces meet the first and second surfaces refers to R2, a relationship of R1>R2 is satisfied, and a width of an internal electrode disposed in the cover portion is narrower than a width of an internal electrode disposed in the central portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrated optical sheet module where an optical sheet is integrally formed without a diffusion sheet, a condensing sheet and a reflective polarizing sheet thereby reducing the overall thickness and improving the viewing angle, so that a manufacturing process can be simplified and significantly improve the left to right viewing angle while minimizing the brightness drop by forming the first base film having the viewing angle improvement component on the bottom surface with a haze characteristic.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including a stacked structure having dielectric layers, and internal electrodes, and external electrodes. The body has a central portion, and cover portions disposed above and below the central portion, the body has a first surface and a second surface to which the internal electrodes are exposed and which oppose each other, a third surface and a fourth surface which oppose each other in the stacking direction of the dielectric layers, and a fifth surface and a sixth surface which are connected to the first to fourth surfaces and oppose each other, and a surface roughness of each of the third to sixth surfaces of the body is greater than a surface roughness of each of the first and second surfaces of the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a HEA foam prepared by selective dissolution of a second phase within a two-phase separating alloy comprising the HEA and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the HEA foam of the present invention has the effect of preparing a novel HEA foam, which was not available in the past, by leaving only a first phase after manufacturing a two-phase separating alloy comprising a first phase by HEA, wherein at least 3 metal elements act as a common solvent. Furthermore, the HEA foam of the present invention has a structure, wherein pores are distributed inside the HEA, in which at least 3 metal elements act as a common solvent. By adding a functional characteristic of low heat conductivity, etc., to the existing high strength characteristic of HEA, the HEA foam of the present invention can exhibit a complex effect by the combination of the two particular effects, thereby being capable of exhibiting excellent physical characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrated optical sheet module where an optical sheet is integrally formed without a diffusion sheet, a condensing sheet and a reflective polarizing sheet thereby reducing the overall thickness and improving the viewing angle, so that a manufacturing process can be simplified and significantly improve the left to right viewing angle while minimizing the brightness drop by forming the first base film having the viewing angle improvement component on the bottom surface with a haze characteristic.

Abstract: Semiconductor memory devices and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. The device may include vertical channel structures that are two-dimensionally arranged on a substrate and vertically extend from the substrate. The device may also include bit lines on the vertical channel structures, and each of the bit lines may be commonly connected to the vertical channel structures arranged in a first direction. The device may further include common source lines that extend between the vertical channel structures in a second direction intersecting the first direction and a source strapping line that is disposed at the same vertical level as the bit lines and electrically connects the common source lines to each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are a holographic writing method and apparatus capable of re-writing (updating) holographic information and quickly writing the holographic information with high efficiency. In an embodiment, a holographic writing method for writing holographic information by emitting a beam at a holographic recording medium containing a photo-responsable polymer material having photoisomerization characteristics that change a molecular structure thereof by absorbing light energy, writes the holographic information by using a writing wavelength different from a maximum absorption wavelength in a light absorption spectrum of photoisomer molecule structures of the holographic recording medium. The maximum absorption wavelength is a wavelength at which light absorption rate is maximum in the light absorption spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a HEA foam prepared by selective dissolution of a second phase within a two-phase separating alloy comprising the HEA and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the HEA foam of the present invention has the effect of preparing a novel HEA foam, which was not available in the past, by leaving only a first phase after manufacturing a two-phase separating alloy comprising a first phase by HEA, wherein at least 3 metal elements act as a common solvent. Furthermore, the HEA foam of the present invention has a structure, wherein pores are distributed inside the HEA, in which at least 3 metal elements act as a common solvent. By adding a functional characteristic of low heat conductivity, etc., to the existing high strength characteristic of HEA, the HEA foam of the present invention can exhibit a complex effect by the combination of the two particular effects, thereby being capable of exhibiting excellent physical characteristics.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including a stacked structure formed of a plurality of dielectric layers, and a plurality of internal electrodes, and external electrodes, wherein the body is divided into a central portion, and cover portions, the body has first to sixth surfaces, in the body, the cover portion forms corner edges having a curved surface, and if a radius of curvature of each of the corner edges at which the third and fourth surfaces meet the fifth and sixth surfaces refers to R1, and a radius of curvature of each of the corner edges at which the third and fourth surfaces meet the first and second surfaces refers to R2, a relationship of R1>R2 is satisfied, and a width of an internal electrode disposed in the cover portion is narrower than a width of an internal electrode disposed in the central portion.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including a stacked structure having dielectric layers, and internal electrodes, and external electrodes. The body has a central portion, and cover portions disposed above and below the central portion, the body has a first surface and a second surface to which the internal electrodes are exposed and which oppose each other, a third surface and a fourth surface which oppose each other in the stacking direction of the dielectric layers, and a fifth surface and a sixth surface which are connected to the first to fourth surfaces and oppose each other, and a surface roughness of each of the third to sixth surfaces of the body is greater than a surface roughness of each of the first and second surfaces of the body.

Abstract: A vertical memory device includes a substrate, a plurality of channels on the substrate and extending in a first direction that vertical to a top surface of the substrate, a plurality of gate lines and a conductive line on the substrate. The gate lines are stacked on top of each other. The gate lines surround the channels. The gate lines are spaced apart from each other along the first direction. The conductive line cuts the gate lines along the first direction. A width of the conductive line is periodically and repeatedly changed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an artificial cartilage containing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like dedifferentiated cells obtained by passage culturing costal chondrocytes, and a preparation process thereof.

Abstract: A display device is provided, which includes a memory which stores a plurality of templates which are differently set according to kinds of messages, a detector which detects different pieces of status information, a display which displays a message transfer screen, a controller which automatically generates a message through combination of at least one of the plurality of templates and at least one of the different pieces of status information, which respectively correspond to a selected kind of message, when the kind of message to be transferred is selected on the message transfer screen, and a communicator which transfers the message to an external device. Accordingly, the display device can conveniently transfer the generated message.

Abstract: Semiconductor memory devices and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. The device may include vertical channel structures that are two-dimensionally arranged on a substrate and vertically extend from the substrate. The device may also include bit lines on the vertical channel structures, and each of the bit lines may be commonly connected to the vertical channel structures arranged in a first direction. The device may further include common source lines that extend between the vertical channel structures in a second direction intersecting the first direction and a source strapping line that is disposed at the same vertical level as the bit lines and electrically connects the common source lines to each other.

Abstract: A vertical memory device includes a substrate, a plurality of channels on the substrate and extending in a first direction that vertical to a top surface of the substrate, a plurality of gate lines and a conductive line on the substrate. The gate lines are stacked on top of each other. The gate lines surround the channels. The gate lines are spaced apart from each other along the first direction. The conductive line cuts the gate lines along the first direction. A width of the conductive line is periodically and repeatedly changed.