Abstract: The method for manufacturing an FeRAM capacitor having an enhanced adhesive property between a dielectric layer and a bottom electrode and a grain uniformity of the dielectric layer, is employed by forming hillocks on the bottom electrode purposefully before formation of the dielectric layer. The method includes steps of: preparing an active matrix obtained by predetermined processes; forming a first bottom electrode on the active matrix; forming a third ILD on exposed surfaces of the first bottom electrode and the second ILD; planarizing the third ILD till a top face of the first bottom electrode is exposed; forming a second bottom electrode on a top face of the bottom electrode; carrying out a first annealing process for deforming a surface of the second bottom electrode; forming a dielectric layer on exposed surfaces of the first bottom electrodes, the second bottom electrode and the third ILD; carrying out a second annealing process; and forming a top electrode on the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A signal processor for use in an electronic compass for controlling an offset voltage generated in an analog signal process and automatically controlling an amplification gain. In the signal processor, an analog signal processor 52 amplifies signals Sx and Sy, and controls an offset voltage and amplitude A generated during an amplification process. An analog/digital (AD) converter 53 converts analog signals Vadcx and Vadcy from the analog signal processor 52 into a digital signal. A digital signal processor 54 measures a maximum value Vadc—max and a minimum value Vadc—min associated with the digital signal from the AD converter 53, and outputs, to the analog signal processor 52, the offset control signal Soc and the gain control signal Sgc based on the maximum value Vad—max and minimum value Vadc—min. The signal processor can maintain levels of signals, to be inputted into the AD converter, to be within a reference voltage range.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing an FeRAM capacitor having an enhanced adhesive property between a dielectric layer and a bottom electrode and a grain uniformity of the dielectric layer, is employed by forming hillocks on the bottom electrode purposefully before formation of the dielectric layer. The method includes steps of: preparing an active matrix obtained by predetermined processes; forming a first bottom electrode on the active matrix; forming a third ILD on exposed surfaces of the first bottom electrode and the second ILD; planarizing the third ILD till a top face of the first bottom electrode is exposed; forming a second bottom electrode on a top face of the bottom electrode; carrying out a first annealing process for deforming a surface of the second bottom electrode; forming a dielectric layer on exposed surfaces of the first bottom electrodes, the second bottom electrode and the third ILD; carrying out a second annealing process; and forming a top electrode on the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A high-density optical disc, a method for encrypting data and recording the encrypted data thereon, and a method for reproducing the encrypted data recorded thereon. A high-density optical disc such as a Blu-ray disc-read only memory (BD-ROM) has a helical track formed from the disc's outer periphery to the disc's inner periphery. An order of recording data frames on the BD-ROM is diametrically opposite to that of a rewritable optical disc such as a Blu-ray disc rewritable (BD-RE). Data can be encrypted using disc radius information or an address unit (AU) number contained in an AU and then the encrypted data is recorded on the high-density optical disc. Thus, a user holding the optical disc apparatus such as the BD-RE player can be prevented from unlawfully copying data of the BD-ROM to the BD-RE and unlawfully reproducing the copied data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for fabricating a ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) device. The method includes the steps of: forming a first inter-layer insulation layer on a substrate; forming a storage node contact connected with a partial portion of the substrate by passing through the first inter-layer insulation layer; forming a lower electrode connected to the storage node contact on the first inter-layer insulation layer; forming a second inter-layer insulation layer having a surface level lower than that of the lower electrode so that the second inter-layer insulation layer encompasses a bottom part of the lower electrode; forming an impurity diffusion barrier layer encompassing an upper part of the lower electrode on the second inter-layer insulation layer; forming a ferroelectric layer on the lower electrode and the impurity diffusion barrier layer; and forming a top electrode on the ferroelectric layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-density disk that is structured to prevent a collision of an optical pickup's objective lens with the high-density disk if the disk is placed upside down in a disk device that is able to record and reproduce signals to/from the high-density disk. A high-density disk recording medium according to the present invention is structured such that, wherein a recording layer having high-density pit patterns is offset from a center plane of disk thickness, both sides of a clamping zone bisected by the center plane have differing thicknesses. One or both sides may protrude from surface of the disk recording medium, or one side of the clamping zone may protrude from the surface while the other side is indented below the surface.

Abstract: A read-only recording medium and a reproducing method thereof ensures reproduction compatibility with a rewritable recording medium in which real data is recorded with substantial discontinuity. The read-only recording medium comprises a data recording area in which real data is stored; and a plurality of waste areas allocated at intervals in the data recording area. The method of reproducing data stored in a read-only recording medium reproduces data from the read-only recording medium, skips if a waste area is encountered or removes invalid data reproduced from the waste area wherein each waste area has been inserted periodically in the read-only recording medium, and outputs the data reproduced before and behind each waste area in succession. As a result, the playability is improved in a disk device capable of reproducing both a read-only and a rewritable recording medium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of converting a series of data words into modulated signals generates for each data words, a number of intermediate sequences by combining mutually different digital words with a data word, scrambles the intermediate sequences to form alternative sequences, translates each alternataive sequence into a (d,k) constrained sequences, measures for each (d,k) constrained sequences, not only an inclusion rate of an undesired sub-sequence but also a running DSV (Digital Sum Value), and selects one (d,k) constrained sequence having a small inclusion rate for recording on an optical or magneto-optical recording medium among the (d,k) constrained sequences having maximum value of running DSV, smaller than a preset limit. Accordingly, efficient DSV control can be achieved for even relatively-long sequences.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium, such as BD-ROM, which includes an identification information, which can identify whether optional information, such as copy protection information, is needed or not for the playback of contents stored on the recording medium, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, and reproducing data on the recording medium.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium, such as BD-ROM, which includes copy protection information for preventing illegal copying of the contents recorded on the recording medium, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, and reproducing data on the recording medium.

Abstract: A high-density multi-layer recording medium is provided with a first recording layer arranged within a layer of transparent material a first distance from a light incident surface of a recording medium and a second recording layer arranged a greater second distance from the light incident layer. The material forming the layer of transparent material on the recording medium typically has an index of refraction between about 1.45 and 1.70 with the first and second recording layers being arranged in an annular section of the substrate between about 63.5 &mgr;m and about 115.5 &mgr;m from the light incident surface with the separation between the two recording layer being between about 14 &mgr;m and 30 &mgr;m. Also disclosed is an apparatus for reading such recording mediums including a light source and a lens assembly arranged and configured to produce a light beam that enters the recording medium through the light incident surface and is focused on the two recording layers.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium, such as BD-ROM, which includes copy protection information for preventing illegal copying of the contents recorded on the recording medium, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, and reproducing data on the recording medium.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a high-density recording medium, such as a high-density optical disc and a recording and/or reproducing device therefor. At a transition area of the high-density optical disc allocated between a clamping area and an information area of the high-density optical disc is formed a step having a prescribed slope so that the high-density optical disc does not collide with an objective lens of an optical pickup provided in an optical disc device although the objective lens of the optical pickup is upwardly moved toward a recording layer of the high-density optical disc until it moves to the maximum working distance when the high-density optical disc, such as a Blu-ray disc, is improperly placed on a turntable provided in the optical disc device, e.g., when the high-density optical disc is placed upside down on the turntable. The thickness of the information area is smaller than that of the clamping area by the provision of the step at the transition area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-contact, non-destructive measuring apparatus that measures thickness profile and refractive index distribution of a single or multiple layers of thin films by means of the principle of reflectometry. According to the present invention, by employing more than one narrow band-pass optical filters and a two-dimensional array of CCD sensors, and by finding an optimal solution for the nonlinear functional relationship between the thickness of said thin film or thin films and the corresponding refractive indexes by using an iterative numerical computation method, said apparatus simultaneously measures local area-wise thickness profile and refractive index distribution among others of said a single layer or multiple layers of thin films on a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method and apparatus of converting a series of data words into modulated signals. This method divides a data word, which a sync signal is to be added in front or rear of when it is written in a recording medium, into two or more word segments, generates for each word segment a number of intermediate sequences by combining mutually different digital words with that word segment, scrambles these intermediate sequences to form alternative sequences, translates each alternative sequence into a (d, k) constrained sequence, checks how many undesired sub-sequences are contained in each (d, k) constrained sequence, and selects one (d, k) constrained sequence for recording on an optical or magneto-optical recording medium among the (d, k) constrained sequences not having the undesired sub-sequence. Applying this method to a modulating device, DSV control can be conducted by much simpler hardware.

Abstract: In an optical recording/reproducing apparatus, and in particular to a head of an optical recording/reproducing apparatus, the optical recording/reproducing apparatus includes a slider at which an objective lens is installed at a top surface of the slider and a solid immersion lens (SIL) installation hole formed below the objective lens penetrates toward to the bottom surface of the slider in order to install a SIL; a flying device fixedly installed around the SIL installation hole at the bottom surface of the slider in order to lift the slider above an optical recording medium; wherein a sectional area of the slider parallel to a surface of the optical recording medium increases from the bottom surface to the top surface.

Abstract: In method for freeze-crushing waste resources, freezing gas is first created by collecting freezing heat source of liquefied petroleum gas during a heat exchange process between the liquefied petroleum gas and cooling gas, and then the waste resources stored in a freezing tank is frozen to a temperature where the waste resources can be easily crushed by supplying the freezing gas to the freezing tank. Next, the frozen waste resources is crushed in an crushing apparatus, after which the freezing gas is separated from the crushed waste resources in a separate apparatus and the freezing gas for is collected the purpose of reuse.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium, such as BD-ROM, capable of preventing unauthorized duplication of data streams, written thereon, onto another medium, such as a BD-RE or BD-R, which includes physical mark information, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, reproducing, and restricting playback of the recording medium to prevent unauthorized duplication.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium, such as BD-ROM, capable of preventing unauthorized duplication of data streams, written thereon, onto another medium, such as a BD-RE or BD-R, which includes physical mark information, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, reproducing, and restricting playback of the recording medium to prevent unauthorized duplication.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a high-density recording medium and a method and apparatus for controlling data playback thereof. Playback control information, such as channel bit length information, is recorded in a burst cutting area (BCA) of a high-density optical disc in a wobble type. When the high-density optical disc is reproduced, the playback control information is detected in a push-pull signal detection mode and the optimum data playback operation corresponding to the recording capacity of the optical disc is performed on the basis of the detected playback control information. Alternatively, bit error rates (BERs) are calculated while a plurality of predetermined bit detection modes are sequentially performed, one of the bit detection modes corresponding to the smallest one of the calculated BERs is selected and the data playback operation is performed in the selected bit detection mode.