Abstract: A video decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present document comprises the steps of: receiving a bit stream including residual information of a current block; deriving a specific number of the number of context encoding bins for context syntax elements for a current sub-block of the current block; decoding the context syntax elements for the current sub-block included in the residual information on the basis of the specific number; deriving transform coefficients for the current sub-block on the basis of the decoded context syntax elements; deriving residual samples for the current block on the basis of the transform coefficients; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the residual samples.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a polymer comprising a unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and an end group represented by Chemical Formula 5, and an organic light emitting device using the same: wherein all the variables are described herein.

Abstract: An image decoding method executed by a decoding apparatus according to the present document comprises the steps of: deriving an intra prediction mode of the current chroma block by means of cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode; deriving downsampled luma samples on the basis of the current luma block; deriving downsampled neighboring luma samples on the basis of neighboring luma samples of the current luma block; and deriving the CCLM parameter on the basis of the downsampled neighboring luma samples and neighboring chroma samples of the current neighboring chroma block, wherein the number of downsampled neighboring luma samples and number of neighboring chroma samples are equal to the previously set thresh-hold value, and the thresh-hold value is derived on the basis of the width and height of the current chroma block.

Abstract: An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present document comprises the steps of: obtaining a sign data hiding availability flag indicating whether or not sign data hiding is available for a current slice; obtaining a TSRC availability flag indicating whether or not TSRC is available for a transform skip block of the current slice; obtaining residual coding information about the transform skip block on the basis of the TSRC availability flag; deriving a residual sample for the transform skip block on the basis of the residual coding information; and generating a reconstruction picture on the basis of the residual sample, wherein the TSRC availability flag is obtained on the basis of the sign data hiding availability flag.

Abstract: A method for decoding a picture based on a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode includes deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block, deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples, deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples, where the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples, and left neighboring luma reference samples, and where when the top boundary of the luma block overlaps with a boundary of a coding tree unit (CTU), the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present document derives a left mode, which is a candidate intra prediction mode for a left peripheral block of a current block, derives an upper mode, which is a candidate intra prediction mode for an upper peripheral block of the current block, constructs an MPM list on the basis of the left mode and the upper mode, derives an intra prediction mode of the current block on the basis of the MPM list, generates prediction samples of the current block on the basis of the intra prediction mode, generates a restoration picture of the current block on the basis of the prediction samples, and derives the left mode or the upper mode as one from among candidate intra prediction modes of the MPM list, on the basis of when the left mode and the upper mode are not the same and the left mode and the upper mode are respectively a planar mode and a DC mode.

Abstract: A rendering method of an object-based audio signal and an apparatus for performing the same are provided. The rendering method of an object-based audio signal includes obtaining a rendered audio signal, performing clipping prevention on the rendered audio signal using a first limiter, mixing a signal output by the first limiter using a mixer, and performing clipping prevention on the mixed signal using a second limiter.

Abstract: A video decoding method according to this document includes constructing a most probable mode (MPM) list by deriving MPM candidates for a current block based on a neighboring block adjacent to the current block, deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the MPM list, generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode, and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a waveguide display apparatus. The waveguide waveguide display apparatus of the present disclosure is a waveguide display apparatus for correcting curved surface reflection distortion, the waveguide display apparatus including a waveguide for guiding light inputted from the outside; a first diffractive optical element disposed at the waveguide, and diffracting the light inputted from the outside to the inside of the waveguide; and a second diffractive optical element disposed at the waveguide, and diffracting the light guided by the waveguide to output a plurality of diffracted lights in a direction of a curved surface reflector located outside, wherein the second diffractive optical element has a structure of a diffraction grating corresponding to a curvature of the curved surface reflector such that the diffracted lights are reflected at different locations of the curved surface reflector in directions parallel to each other.

Abstract: An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure includes receiving a bitstream including residual information; deriving quantized transform coefficients for a current block based on the residual information included in the bitstream; deriving residual samples for the current block based on the quantized transform coefficients; and generating a reconstructed picture based on the residual samples for the current block.

Abstract: A method of rendering object-based audio and an electronic device performing the method are provided. The method includes identifying a bitstream, determining a reference distance of an object sound source based on the bitstream, determining a minimum distance for applying distance-dependent attenuation, based on the reference distance, and determining a gain of object-based audio included in the bitstream based on the reference distance and the minimum distance.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus may include identifying a prediction mode of a current block, determining a candidate intra prediction mode for the current block, based on a prediction mode of a neighboring block located around the current block, based on the intra prediction mode of the current block being an intra prediction mode, generating a candidate intra prediction mode list of the current block based on the candidate intra prediction mode, and determine an intra prediction mode of the current block based on the candidate intra prediction mode list. In this case, the candidate intra prediction mode may be determined to be a predetermined intra prediction mode, based on the prediction mode of the neighboring block being an MIP mode.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. The image decoding method includes determining whether a prediction mode of a current block is an intra prediction mode based on information on the prediction mode of the current block, determining whether a transform mode of the current block is a transform skip mode, determining whether an intra prediction technique of the current block is intra sub-partitions (ISP) based on the prediction mode of the current block being an intra prediction mode, and generating a transform coefficient block of the current block based on the transform mode of the current block and whether the intra prediction technique of the current block is ISP.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device may include: forming a stack comprising first material layers and second material layers that are alternately stacked; forming an opening in the stack; forming a first seed layer in the opening; forming a first buffer layer by surface-treating the first seed layer; and forming a blocking layer by oxidizing the first seed layer through the first buffer layer.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for manufacturing a metal alloy foam. The present application can provide a method for manufacturing a metal alloy foam, which is capable of forming a metal alloy foam comprising uniformly formed pores and having excellent mechanical properties as well as the desired porosity, and a metal alloy foam having the above characteristics. In addition, the present application can provide a method capable of forming a metal alloy foam in which the above-mentioned physical properties are ensured, while being in the form of a thin film or sheet, within a fast process time, and such a metal alloy foam.

Abstract: A video decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus includes deriving one of a plurality of cross-component linear model (CCLM) prediction mode as a CCLM prediction mode of the current chroma block, deriving a sample number of neighboring chroma samples of the current chroma block based on the CCLM prediction mode of the current chroma block, a size of the current chroma block, and a specific value derived as 2. The method includes deriving the neighboring chroma samples of the sample number, calculating CCLM parameters based on the neighboring chroma samples and the down sampled neighboring luma samples, deriving prediction samples for the current chroma block based on the CCLM parameters and the down sampled luma samples and generating reconstructed samples for the current chroma block based on the prediction samples.

Abstract: A method for decoding an image by a decoding apparatus according to the present invention comprises the steps of: deriving predicted samples by performing prediction on a current block; determining whether the current block is to be divided, on the basis of a size and a maximum transform size of the current block; when the current block is determined to be divided, dividing the current block into transform blocks; deriving transform coefficients of the transform blocks; deriving residual samples by performing an inverse transform procedure for the transform coefficients; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the residual samples and the predicted samples, wherein, when the size of the current block is larger than the maximum transform size, the current block is determined to be divided.

Abstract: An image decoding method carried out by a decoding device, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: acquiring a sign data hiding enable flag; acquiring a transform skip residual coding (TSRC) enable flag on the basis of the sign data hiding enable flag; acquiring residual information for a current block, on the basis of the TSRC enable flag; deriving a residual sample of the current block, on the basis of the residual information; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the residual sample, wherein the sign data hiding enable flag is a flag indicating whether sign data hiding is enabled, the TSRC enable flag is a flag indicating whether TSRC is enabled, and the TSRC enable flag is acquired on the basis of the sign data hiding enable flag having a value of zero.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first interlayer insulating film disposed on a substrate and having a first trench. A first lower conductive pattern fills the first trench and includes first and second valley areas that are spaced apart from each other in a first direction parallel to an upper surface of the substrate. The first and second valley areas are recessed toward the substrate. A second interlayer insulating film is disposed on the first interlayer insulating film and includes a second trench that exposes at least a portion of the first lower conductive pattern. An upper conductive pattern fills the second trench and includes an upper barrier film and an upper filling film disposed on the upper barrier film. The upper conductive pattern at least partially fills the first valley area.

Abstract: A lightning rod with an electric double layer and electric dipole moment type discharge amplification function, the lightning rod including: a support member (100) for moving a lightning current to the ground; an emission member (200) fitted to the support member (100) to collect charges of the ground according to the approach of a thundercloud and thus emit a large number of ions with the opposite polarity to the polarity of the thundercloud; ground charge chargers (300) fitted to the support member (100) and having spaces formed therein to charge the charges of the ground; an insulation member (400) disposed on top of the emission member (200); and discharge induction members (500) fixedly disposed on top and underside of the emission member (200) by means of the insulation member (400).