Abstract: Processes for converting ethanol and syngas (CO and H2) to isobutanol are disclosed. Syngas and ethanol are reacted in the first reaction zone in the presence of a first heterogeneous catalyst to produce a first reactor effluent comprising a first mixture of alcohols. The first reactor effluent is reacted a second reaction zone in the presence of a second heterogeneous catalyst to produce a second reactor effluent comprising a second mixture of alcohols. The second reactor effluent is separated into an overhead gas stream and a liquid bottom stream. The liquid bottom stream is separated into at least a C1-2 stream, a C3 stream, and a C4+ stream. The isobutanol is recovered from the C4+ stream.

Abstract: Processes for making isobutanol are described. The processes involve a first reaction between methanol and ethanol in the presence of a first catalyst to produce an alcohol mixture containing propanol, isobutanol and n-butanol, and a second reaction between the produced propanol and synthesis gas in the presence of a second catalyst to produce isobutanol. The methanol and ethanol produced in the second reaction are recycled and used in the first reaction, and the unreacted propanol is recycled and used in the second reaction.

Abstract: A process for isobutanol synthesis is described. Ethanol and synthesis gas (syngas) are reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst in a first reaction zone. The products of the first reaction can be separated into one or more streams comprising methanol and propanol. The methanol and propanol from the first reaction are reacted in the presence of a second catalyst to form isobutanol in a second reaction zone.

Abstract: Processes for converting ethanol and syngas (CO and H2) to isobutanol are disclosed. Syngas and ethanol are reacted Sin the first reaction zone in the presence of a first heterogeneous catalyst to produce a first reactor effluent comprising a first mixture of alcohols. The first reactor effluent is reacted a second reaction zone in the presence of a second heterogeneous catalyst to produce a second reactor effluent comprising a second mixture of alcohols. The second reactor effluent is separated into an overhead gas stream and a liquid bottom stream. The liquid bottom stream is separated into at least a C1-2 stream, a C3 stream, and a C4+ stream. The isobutanol is recovered from the C4+ stream.

Abstract: An improved isobutanol synthesis process is provided which proceeds through the formation of mixed alcohols from syngas. The two-step process avoids the slowest ?-carbon addition reaction in the conventional one-step, direct isobutanol synthesis process. Once ethanol and propanol are produced in the first reaction zone, they can react with methanol and/or syngas in a second reaction zone to produce isobutanol through the fast ?-carbon addition reaction in the presence of catalysts, resulting on significantly improved isobutanol productivity.

Abstract: An improved isobutanol synthesis process is provided which proceeds through the formation of mixed alcohols from syngas. The two-step process avoids the slowest ?-carbon addition reaction in the conventional one-step, direct isobutanol synthesis process. Once ethanol and propanol are produced in the first reaction zone, they can react with methanol and/or syngas in a second reaction zone to produce isobutanol through the fast ?-carbon addition reaction in the presence of catalysts, resulting on significantly improved isobutanol productivity.

Abstract: A catalytic conversion process which comprises catalytic cracking reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock contacting with a medium pore size zeolite enriched catalyst in a reactor, characterized in that reaction temperature, weight hourly space velocity and catalyst/feedstock ratio by weight are sufficient to achieve a yield of fluid catalytic cracking gas oil between 12% and 60% by weight of said feedstock, wherein said weight hourly space velocity is between 25 h?1 and 100 h?1, said reaction temperature is between 450° C. and 600° C., and said catalyst/feedstock ratio by weight is between 1 and 30. This invention relates to a catalytic conversion process, especially for heavy feedstock oil to produce higher octane gasoline and an enhanced yield of propylene. More particularly, the invention relates to a process to utilize petroleum oil resources efficiently for decreasing the yield of dry gas and coke significantly.

Abstract: A catalytic conversion process which comprises catalytic cracking reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock contacting with a medium pore size zeolite enriched catalyst in a reactor, characterized in that reaction temperature, weight hourly space velocity and catalyst/feedstock ratio by weight are sufficient to achieve a yield of fluid catalytic cracking gas oil between 12% and 60% by weight of said feedstock, wherein said weight hourly space velocity is between 25 h?1 and 100 h?1, said reaction temperature is between 450° C. and 600° C., and said catalyst/feedstock ratio by weight is between 1 and 30. This invention relates to a catalytic conversion process, especially for heavy feedstock oil to produce higher octane gasoline and an enhanced yield of propylene. More particularly, the invention relates to a process to utilize petroleum oil resources efficiently for decreasing the yield of dry gas and coke significantly.