Abstract: A device includes a semiconductor substrate having a front surface and a back surface opposite the front surface. An insulation region extends from the front surface into the semiconductor substrate. An inter-layer dielectric (ILD) is over the insulation region. A landing pad extends from a top surface of the ILD into the insulation region. A through-substrate via (TSV) extends from the back surface of the semiconductor substrate to the landing pad.

Abstract: A hub assembly for a bicycle wheel is provided which includes a hub shell and two ball cups. The hub shell has two flat rod ends at respective ends of the hub. An arched portion is formed at a bottom portion of each flat rod end. A hub flange is formed on the inside of each flat rod end at the base of an arched portion, and a flare extending from inside of the hub flange to a center portion of the hub is provided. The ball cup has a hollow tapered journal and a shoulder hole formed therein to divide the tapered journal from a flared ball cup at the other end. In assembly, the ball cup is fixed into the hub by a force fit between the outside surface of the ball cup and the inside surface of the flat rod end, the flare clamping the tapered journal, and positively locating the ball caps within the hub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mean axis of bicycle, which includes a five-way pipe, an internal pipe, an axle, two setting rings, two ball housings and two ball bearings. Wherein the inside walls at both ends of the internal pipe and the outside walls of the two ball housings are turned threads separately, and one ball housing has a ring shoulder at the middle position of the thread. Thereby the two ball housings fixed one ball bearing, the axle and another ball bearing in the internal pipe respectively with the outside threads to form a mean axis assembly. Then the two setting rings fix the mean axis assembly in the five-way pipe from both sides by connecting to the ball housings of the mean axis assembly in thread joint, and to the five-way pipe in bell and spigot joint.

Abstract: A bottom bracket bearing for a bicycle is provided which includes an axle, a pair of ball bearings, a flanged cup, and an adjusting cup disposed within a five-way tube. The axle has a reducing quadrangle extending from both ends thereof, and a continuation area between the quadrangle portion an a cylindrical portion of the axle, and has a flat circular flange formed adjacent the cylindrical portion. A joint-packing is positioned against the flat circular flange, the thickness of the joint-packing extending at least 1 mm beyond the flat end of the flanged cup, thereby substantially preventing the crank with the chain wheels from contacting the flanged cup.