Abstract: Described is hybrid viral vector comprising: a first virus such as bacteriophage T4; one or more second virus such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) attached to the first virus through cross-bridges, such as avidin-biotin cross-bridges; one or more DNA molecules packaged in the first virus; one or more nucleic acid molecules packaged in the second virus; and one or more proteins displayed on the surface of the first virus. Also described are methods of making and using such a hybrid viral vector.

Abstract: A bacteriophage T4-based, multivalent/multicomponent, needle and adjuvant-free, mucosal vaccine by engineering spike trimers on capsid exterior and nucleocapsid protein in the interior is disclosed herein. Intranasal administration of this T4-COVID vaccine induces higher virus neutralization antibody titers against multiple variants, balanced Th1/Th2 antibody and cytokine responses, stronger CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, and higher secretory IgA titers in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage with no effect on the gut microbiota, compared to vaccination of mice intramuscularly. The vaccine is stable at ambient temperature, induce apparent sterilizing immunity, and provide complete protection against original SARS-CoV-2 strain and its Delta variant with minimal lung histopathology. This mucosal vaccine is an excellent candidate for boosting immunity of immunized and/or as a second-generation vaccine for the unimmunized population.

Abstract: Described is an “artificial virus” (AV) programmed with biomolecules that can enter human cells and carry out precise human genome modification. The AVs comprise: at least one viral vector, such as bacteriophage T4; at least one therapeutic molecule, such as DNA, RNA, protein and their complex; and a lipid coating. Also described is a method of human genome modification, using such an AV, and a method of program such an AV.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for and a method of incorporating SARS-CoV-2 genes and proteins into T4 phages. The present disclosure also relates to vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 containing recombinant T4 phages created using the method provided in the present disclosure.

Abstract: Described is an “artificial virus” (AV) programmed with biomolecules that can enter human cells and carry out precise human genome modification. The AVs comprise: at least one viral vector, such as bacteriophage T4; at least one therapeutic molecule, such as DNA, RNA, protein and their complex; and a lipid coating. Also described is a method of human genome modification, using such an AV, and a method of program such an AV.

Abstract: Described is an “artificial virus” (AV) programmed with biomolecules that can enter human cells and carry out precise human genome modification. The AVs comprise: at least one viral vector, such as bacteriophage T4; at least one therapeutic molecule, such as DNA, RNA, protein and their complex; and a lipid coating. Also described is a method of human genome modification, using such an AV, and a method of program such an AV.

Abstract: Described is hybrid viral vector comprising: a first virus such as bacteriophage T4; one or more second virus such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) attached to the first virus through cross-bridges, such as avidin-biotin cross-bridges; one or more DNA molecules packaged in the first virus; one or more nucleic acid molecules packaged in the second virus; and one or more proteins displayed on the surface of the first virus. Also described are methods of making and using such a hybrid viral vector.

Abstract: Described is hybrid viral vector comprising: a first virus such as bacteriophage T4; one or more second virus such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) attached to the first virus through cross-bridges, such as avidin-biotin cross-bridges; one or more DNA molecules packaged in the first virus; one or more nucleic acid molecules packaged in the second virus; and one or more proteins displayed on the surface of the first virus. Also described are methods of making and using such a hybrid viral vector.

Abstract: Described is hybrid viral vector comprising: a first virus such as bacteriophage T4; one or more second virus such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) attached to the first virus through cross-bridges, such as avidin-biotin cross-bridges; one or more DNA molecules packaged in the first virus; one or more nucleic acid molecules packaged in the second virus; and one or more proteins displayed on the surface of the first virus. Also described are methods of making and using such a hybrid viral vector.