Abstract: Methods, computer systems, and computer-storage media are provided for reference resolution. The present invention seeks to resolve entities in conversational search. To enable a more natural conversational search interaction, referential expressions such as pronouns are handled in queries. A component keeps track of previous queries and performs reference resolution based on an entity in the previous query and reformulates the query using an identifier for the referenced entity. Reference resolution may be performed for pronouns, plural pronouns, partial names, across domains, and on any device or platform.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-storage media for improving the freshness, or the apparent freshness, of search results are described. In an embodiment, the first portion of search results presented on a search results page are based on responsiveness to the search query and a second portion of results describe only recently published documents that are responsive to the search query. In an embodiment, a more recent version of the document, which is not directly used to determine responsiveness, is used to build the caption for a search result. Another way to make search results appear fresh is to include a publication time within the search result caption. In one embodiment, the publication time is generated by calculating a point in time between when a document is first added to a search index and the previous time the search engine visited the site where the document was found.

Abstract: Filters are generated by analyzing a set of search results most relevant to a search query to determine filter values that may be of most interest to the user. A search query is received and is classified into a query segment that best corresponds to the search query so that filter categories associated with the query segment can be identified. Based on an analysis of search results most relevant to the search query, metadata associated with these search results is used to formulate filter values for each filter category. The filter values are ordered based on their respective frequency of presence in the search results. The search results, along with the filter categories and filter values, are communicated for presentation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spanner tool for mounting or dismounting components, which comprises a control piece (2), a connecting piece (1) and a rotating piece (3). The connecting piece (1) is hinged with one end of the control piece (2) and one end of the rotating piece (3) respectively. An angle ? formed between the control piece (2) and the connecting piece (1) is less than an angle ? formed between the rotating piece (3) and the connecting piece (1) when the control piece (2) and the rotating piece (3) respectively rotate to limit positions at different sides of the connecting piece (1). The spanner tool is practical and reliable. During use, a user does not need to swing his/her arm and only needs to rotate his/her wrist to operate the spanner tool, so the spanner tool is convenient and rapid-in-use. The spanner tool can be folded for portability when not in use. Additionally, locking tightness of the tool can be adjusted by adjusting a nut.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying user behavior data to improve search query result ranking are provided. Upon receiving an update file indicating that recent, significant user behavior data is available for a document associated with an inverted index, the update file is published periodically and frequently to an index server. After filtering out the relevant update information from the update file, the index server extracts identifiers of the documents having the associated user behavior data. The update file and the identifier of the documents are utilized to update an in-memory index containing representations of metadata indicative of the user behavior. The in-memory index is continuously updated and utilized to serve search query results in response to user search queries. Search query results from the in-memory index are ranked using the user behavior data prior to serving. Thus, results associated with recent, significant user-behavior metadata receive prominent placement on the search results page.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media are provided for updating a search index with new uniform resource locators (URLs) and with metadata for new and known URLs. Data associated with communications made by users using a social network is received. The communications include a URL therein that a user has shared, posted, or otherwise communicated to one or more other users using the social network. When the URL is not found in a search index it is identified as a new URL and is added to the search index. A measure of a trending interest, or virality, of the URL is determined from the data. The determined virality is associated with the URL in a search index as metadata. The virality is useable to inform a ranking of the URL against a plurality of other URLs for identification and presentation as a search result in a search engine results page.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-storage media for improving the freshness, or the apparent freshness, of search results are described. In an embodiment, the first portion of search results presented on a search results page are based on responsiveness to the search query and a second portion of results describe only recently published documents that are responsive to the search query. In an embodiment, a more recent version of the document, which is not directly used to determine responsiveness, is used to build the caption for a search result. Another way to make search results appear fresh is to include a publication time within the search result caption. In one embodiment, the publication time is generated by calculating a point in time between when a document is first added to a search index and the previous time the search engine visited the site where the document was found.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying user behavior data to improve serach query result ranking are provided. Upon receiving an update file indicating that recent, significant user behavior data is available for a document associated with an inverted index, the update file is published periodically and frequently to an index server. After filtering out the relevant update information from the update file, the index server extracts identifiers of the documents having the associated user behavior data. The update file and the identifier of the documents are utilized to update an in-memory index containing representations of metadata indicative of the user behavior. The in-memory index is continuously updated and utilized to serve search query results in response to user search queries. Search query results from the in-memory index are ranked using the user behavior data prior to serving. Thus, results associated with recent, significant user-behavior metadata receive prominent placement on the search results page.

Abstract: A method for high-throughput analysis of genomic material originating from complex biological systems, including complex microbial systems and a method of detecting changes in a genomic material using restriction site tagged (RST) microarrays and sequence passporting technique (in particular microarrays containing NotI-clones). Using the present invention method, methylation or silencing of specific alleles, homozygous and hemizygous deletions, epigenetic factors, genetic predisposition, etc, information which is particularly useful in diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases, can be detected. The RST microarrays and passporting can also be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex microbial systems.