Abstract: A metallic alloy includes Cu and one or more metals M selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn, wherein the alloy has a surface in the form of a vermiculated arrangement of irregular, nanoporous lands separated by troughs or channels. It can be made by contacting a precursor alloy including Cu, M and Al with a caustic liquid under conditions sufficient to remove the Al. Or, a metallic alloy includes Cu and one or more metals M selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn, wherein the one or more metals M in total constitute in a range of 3 at. % to 7 at. %, relative to the total of Cu and M. Both types of alloy can be used as an electrocatalyst in a water electrolyzer or a hydrogen fuel cell.

Abstract: A supported catalyst includes a plurality of support particles that each include a carbon support and a layer disposed around the carbon support. The layer is selected from a metal carbide, metal oxycarbide, and combinations thereof. A catalytic material is disposed on the layers of the support particles.

Abstract: A metallic alloy includes Cu and one or more metals M selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn, wherein the alloy has a surface in the form of a vermiculated arrangement of irregular, nanoporous lands separated by troughs or channels. It can be made by contacting a precursor alloy including Cu, M and Al with a caustic liquid under conditions sufficient to remove the Al. Or, a metallic alloy includes Cu and one or more metals M selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn, wherein the one or more metals M in total constitute in a range of 3 at. % to 7 at. %, relative to the total of Cu and M. Both types of alloy can be used as an electrocatalyst in a water electrolyzer or a hydrogen fuel cell.

Abstract: A supported catalyst includes a plurality of support particles that each include a carbon support and a layer disposed around the carbon support. The layer is selected from a metal carbide, metal oxycarbide, and combinations thereof. A catalytic material is disposed on the layers of the support particles.

Abstract: A supported catalyst includes a plurality of support particles that each include a carbon support and a layer disposed around the carbon support. The layer is selected from a metal carbide, metal oxycarbide, and combinations thereof. A catalytic material is disposed on the layers of the support particles.

Abstract: Tungsten carbide catalysts are used in preparation of ethylene glycol by hydrogenating degradation of cellulose. The catalyst includes tungsten carbide as main catalytic active component, added with small amount of one or more transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and copper as the second metal, supported on one or more porous complex supports such as active carbon, alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, for conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol. The catalyst realizes high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield in the conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol at the temperature of 120-300° C., hydrogen pressure of 1-10 MPa, and hydrothermal conditions. Compared to the existing industrial synthetic method of ethylene glycol using ethylene as feedstock, the invention has the advantages of using renewable raw material resources, environment friendly process, and excellent atom economy.

Abstract: A supported catalyst includes a plurality of support particles that each include a carbon support and a layer disposed around the carbon support. The layer is selected from a metal carbide, metal oxycarbide, and combinations thereof. A catalytic material is disposed on the layers of the support particles.

Abstract: A method for producing ethylene glycol, including (a) adding a polyhydroxy compound and water to a sealed high-pressure reactor, (b) removing air and introducing hydrogen, and (c) allowing the polyhydroxy compound to react in the presence of a catalyst while stiffing. The catalyst includes a first active ingredient and a second active ingredient. The first active ingredient includes a transition metal of Group 8, 9, or 10 selected from iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum, and/or a mixture thereof. The second active ingredient includes a metallic state of molybdenum and/or tungsten, or a carbide, nitride, or phosphide thereof. The method is carried out at a hydrogen pressure of 1-12 MPa, at a temperature of 120-300° C. for not less than 5 min in a one-step catalytic reaction. The efficiency, selectivity, and the yield of ethylene glycol are high. The preparation process is simple and the materials used are renewable.

Abstract: Tungsten carbide catalysts are used in preparation of ethylene glycol by hydrogenating degradation of cellulose. The catalyst includes tungsten carbide as main catalytic active component, added with small amount of one or more transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and copper as the second metal, supported on one or more porous complex supports such as active carbon, alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, for conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol. The catalyst realizes high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield in the conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol at the temperature of 120-300° C., hydrogen pressure of 1-10 MPa, and hydrothermal conditions. Compared to the existing industrial synthetic method of ethylene glycol using ethylene as feedstock, the invention has the advantages of using renewable raw material resources, environment friendly process, and excellent atom economy.

Abstract: Solid acid catalysts for use in alkylation processes are described. The solid acid catalysts include a multimetallic (e.g. bimetallic, trimetallic or tetrametallic) component that performs a hydrogenating function for the reactivation (or regeneration) of the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen. The multimetallic catalyst includes a noble metal such as platinum or palladium. The invention also relates to alkylation processes using the multimetallic solid acid catalysts having a multimetallic component for hydrogenation.

Abstract: A method for preparing ethylene glycol from cellulose uses the cellulose as the feed for the reaction. The cellulose conversion is performed over catalysts which are composed of the metallic state, carbides, nitrides, or phosiphides of molybdenum or tungsten, and metallic cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum of the group 8, 9, or 10 transition metals. The catalytic conversion of cellulose is conducted at 120 to 300° C. and hydrogen pressure 1 to 12 MPa under the hydrothermal conditions to achieve the high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield of ethylene glycol. Compared to the existing method of preparing ethylene glycol from ethylene, the method, using the renewable raw material for the reaction, is friendly to the environment, and has high atom economy.

Abstract: A method for producing ethylene glycol, including (a) adding a polyhydroxy compound and water to a sealed high-pressure reactor, (b) removing air and introducing hydrogen, and (c) allowing the polyhydroxy compound to react in the presence of a catalyst while stiffing. The catalyst includes a first active ingredient and a second active ingredient. The first active ingredient includes a transition metal of Group 8, 9, or 10 selected from iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum, and/or a mixture thereof. The second active ingredient includes a metallic state of molybdenum and/or tungsten, or a carbide, nitride, or phosphide thereof. The method is carried out at a hydrogen pressure of 1-12 MPa, at a temperature of 120-300° C. for not less than 5 min in a one-step catalytic reaction. The efficiency, selectivity, and the yield of ethylene glycol are high. The preparation process is simple and the materials used are renewable.

Abstract: A method for preparing ethylene glycol from cellulose uses the cellulose as the feed for the reaction. The cellulose conversion is performed over catalysts which are composed of the metallic state, carbides, nitrides, or phosiphides of molybdenum or tungsten, and metallic cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum of the group 8, 9, or 10 transition metals. The catalytic conversion of cellulose is conducted at 120 to 300° C. and hydrogen pressure 1 to 12 MPa under the hydrothermal conditions to achieve the high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield of ethylene glycol. Compared to the existing method of preparing ethylene glycol from ethylene, the method, using the renewable raw material for the reaction, is friendly to the environment, and has high atom economy.

Abstract: Solid acid catalysts for use in alkylation processes are described. The solid acid catalysts include a multimetallic (e.g. bimetallic, trimetallic or tetrametallic) component that performs a hydrogenating function for the reactivation (or regeneration) of the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen. The multimetalic catalyst includes a noble metal such as platinum or palladium. The invention also relates to alkylation processes using the multimetallic solid acid catalysts having a multimetallic component for hydrogenation.

Abstract: A supported catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A supported catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams over noble metal-containing catalysts under relatively mild conditions. The noble metal is selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, and polymetallics thereof. The catalyst system also contains a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams and the saturation of aromatics over noble metal-containing catalysts under relatively mild conditions. The noble metal is selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh and polymetallics thereof. The catalyst system also contains a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulftir compounds found in petroleum and petrochemical streams. HDS is preferably conducted in a mixed bed containing: (a) a Ni-based catalyst on an inorganic refractory support, and (b) a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material. The desulfurized stream can then be passed to further processing, including aromatics saturation and/or ring opening.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds and the ring opening of ring compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams. The process is conducted in the presence of hydrogen, one or more noble metal catalysts, and a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.