Abstract: A method of generating randomness by public participation may comprise: communicating with the commodity devices to execute a protocol comprising a setup phase, a contribution phase and a result-generation phase, wherein: in the setup phase, parameters are initialized, a verifiable delay function is setup, and the parameters are published; the contribution phase is divided into at least one first stage, published parameters are provided, random values are received, and a Merkle tree root and Merkle tree audit paths are published in each of the first stage; and the result-generation phase is divided into at least one second stage of the same number as that of the first stage, each second stage is dedicated to one of the first stage ahead of the second stage for a period, and in each second stage, computation is performed to generate a result of randomness which is published.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for dynamic load balancing of user traffic across Internet circuits based on monitored loads of the circuits. The method includes one or more processors receiving a request to utilize an Internet-accessible resource from a first user. The method further includes one or more processors identifying a communications service provider (CSP) that is associated with the user. The method further includes one or more processors determining a real-time load on a first Internet uplink circuit that is provisioned to the first CSP. In response to determining that the real-time load on the first Internet uplink circuit does meet a threshold condition, the method further includes one or more processors distributing traffic corresponding to executing the received request to utilize the Internet-accessible resource to a second Internet uplink circuit that is provisioned to a second CSP.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for dynamic load balancing of user traffic across Internet circuits based on monitored loads of the circuits. The method includes one or more processors receiving a request to utilize an Internet-accessible resource from a first user. The method further includes one or more processors identifying a communications service provider (CSP) that is associated with the user. The method further includes one or more processors determining a real-time load on a first Internet uplink circuit that is provisioned to the first CSP. In response to determining that the real-time load on the first Internet uplink circuit does meet a threshold condition, the method further includes one or more processors distributing traffic corresponding to executing the received request to utilize the Internet-accessible resource to a second Internet uplink circuit that is provisioned to a second CSP.