Abstract: Methods and systems are for receiving network data representing a quality of a communication link in a network, the network data comprising a bandwidth value representing an available bandwidth for the communication link; detecting, based on the network data, that the available bandwidth has changed or will change from a first bandwidth level to a second bandwidth level; determining a probability that the network is congested; when the probability satisfies a threshold value, adjusting a bitrate for the communications link to a first value that enables network congestion to clear; when the probability does not satisfy the threshold value, adjusting the bitrate for the communications link to a second value that fully utilizes the second bandwidth level.

Abstract: A design method for undisturbed switching of linear controllers is provided for solving the problem of sudden system response change or an unstable control circuit caused by switching of multiple linear controllers, in which the linear controllers include proportional-integral-derivative (PID), linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG), linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), H?, model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and open-loop controllers. Firstly, differentials tbr outputs of the controllers are found, then through controller decision, a controller is selected to be connected to a closed-loop control circuit, and a differential term of the controller connected to the closed-loop control circuit is integrated through a common integrator, thereby ensuring smooth controller switching. The design method has a simple structure and good versatility, is operable, and can be easily applied to various actual control systems without requiring parameter adjustment.