Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a spacer adjacent to the MTJ, a liner adjacent to the spacer, and a first metal interconnection on the MTJ. Preferably, the first metal interconnection includes protrusions adjacent to two sides of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the protrusions contact the liner directly.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a first spacer on one side of the of the MTJ, a second spacer on another side of the MTJ, a first metal interconnection on the MTJ, and a liner adjacent to the first spacer, the second spacer, and the first metal interconnection. Preferably, each of a top surface of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the first metal interconnection includes a planar surface and two sidewalls of the first metal interconnection are aligned with two sidewalls of the MTJ.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) on a substrate, a first spacer on one side of the of the MTJ, a second spacer on another side of the MTJ, a first metal interconnection on the MTJ, and a liner adjacent to the first spacer, the second spacer, and the first metal interconnection. Preferably, each of a top surface of the MTJ and a bottom surface of the first metal interconnection includes a planar surface and two sidewalls of the first metal interconnection are aligned with two sidewalls of the MTJ.

Abstract: Polypeptides are disclosed herein having significantly improved secretion ability from eukaryotic cells, together with fusion proteins, nanoparticles, and uses thereof, and methods for designing such polypeptides.

Abstract: A padlock device includes a housing; a shackle associated within the housing and having, with respect to the housing, a closed configuration and an open configuration; a latch subsystem associated with the housing for securely retaining the shackle in the closed configuration, the latch subsystem electrically operable to release the shackle; a biometric sensor associated with the housing to electronically sense fingerprint data from a finger being sensed; a control subsystem in the housing in communication with the biometric sensor and the latch subsystem, the control subsystem comprising: internal processor-readable memory configured to store one or more fingerprint records, each fingerprint record comprising authorized fingerprint data associated with a respective fingerprint identifier; processing structure configured to receive sensed fingerprint data from the biometric sensor and to cause the latch subsystem to release the shackle in the event of a release condition requiring at least that the sensed fin

Abstract: Nanoparticles and vaccines containing these nano particles that elicit an immune response against hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from a broad range of influenza viruses are provided. The nanoparticles are made from self-assembling proteins, at least one of which is joined to an immunogenic portion of an influenza HA protein. This immunogenic portion is displayed on the nanoparticle surface, making the nanoparticles useful for vaccinating subjects against influenza virus.

Abstract: A padlock device includes a housing; a shackle associated within the housing and having, with respect to the housing, a closed configuration and an open configuration; a latch subsystem associated with the housing for securely retaining the shackle in the closed configuration, the latch subsystem electrically operable to release the shackle; a biometric sensor associated with the housing to electronically sense fingerprint data from a finger being sensed; a control subsystem in the housing in communication with the biometric sensor and the latch subsystem, the control subsystem comprising: internal processor-readable memory configured to store one or more fingerprint records, each fingerprint record comprising authorized fingerprint data associated with a respective fingerprint identifier; processing structure configured to receive sensed fingerprint data from the biometric sensor and to cause the latch subsystem to release the shackle in the event of a release condition requiring at least that the sensed fin

Abstract: 3-phosphoindole compounds substantially in the form of a single enantiomer useful for the treatment of Flaviviridae virus infections, and particularly for HIV infections are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the 3-phosphoindole compounds alone or in combination with one or more other anti-viral agents, processes for their preparation, and methods of manufacturing a medicament incorporating these compounds.

Abstract: 3-phosphoindole compounds substantially in the form of a single enantiomer useful for the treatment of Flaviviridae virus infections, and particularly for HIV infections are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the 3-phosphoindole compounds alone or in combination with one or more other anti-viral agents, processes for their preparation, and methods of manufacturing a medicament incorporating these compounds.

Abstract: 3-phosphoindole compounds substantially in the form of a single enantiomer useful for the treatment of Flaviviridae virus infections, and particularly for HIV infections are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the 3-phosphoindole compounds alone or in combination with one or more other anti-viral agents, processes for their preparation, and methods of manufacturing a medicament incorporating these compounds.

Abstract: An industrially scalable two-step process for preparing a ?-L-2?-deoxy-nucleoside that results in a predominance of the ?- over the ?-anomeric form of the compound is described. An optional third step may be used to prepare 3?-prodrugs of desirable ?-L-2?-deoxy-nucleosides for the delivery of these pharmaceuticals effective for treating viral diseases. The synthetic process is applicable in particular to the formation of ?-L-2?-deoxy-cytidine, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. The process can provide a relatively uncontaminated product that may require no further isolation or purification, thereby making the synthesis easily scalable for industrial manufacture.

Abstract: 3-phosphoindole compounds substantially in the form of a single enantiomer useful for the treatment of Flaviviridae virus infections, and particularly for HIV infections are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the 3-phosphoindole compounds alone or in combination with one or more other anti-viral agents, processes for their preparation, and methods of manufacturing a medicament incorporating these compounds.