Abstract: A photodialysis device that can desalinate saline streams is described herein. The device can have a desalination rate that is significantly faster than current solar thermal desalination technology. Salt is removed from water by passing ionic current derived from sunlight through this water using dye-sensitized membranes. The device can serve as a distributed, low-cost technology that can efficiently and effectively desalinate low salinity sources of water, which is particularly useful for agriculture and drinking water applications.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for storing log likelihood ratios in an interleaved form comprising receiving a plurality of interleaved codewords; obtaining at least one log likelihood ratio (LLR) for the plurality of interleaved codewords; storing the at least one LLR in a memory; deinterleaving the plurality of interleaved codewords after the at least one LLR has been stored in the memory; and performing a bit decision of the deinterleaved codewords using the stored at least one LLR.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for data centric multiplexing in a wireless communication system with a plurality of channels comprising assigning a first resource to a first of the plurality of channels; assigning a second resource to a second of the plurality of channels wherein the second resource is not the first resource; assigning a third resource to a third of the plurality of channels wherein the third resource is not the first or the second resource; and assigning a fourth resource to a fourth of the plurality of channels by puncturing at least one of the first, second or third resources and skipping the rest of unpunctured first, second or third resources. Further disclosed are apparatus and method for an asynchronous command interface to an encoder and multiplexer module in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: An organic dye and preparation method thereof and dye-sensitized solar cells using this organic dye are provided. The structure of the organic dye molecule is donor-conjugated unit(s)-acceptor. The organic dye with broad spectrum response and high molar-absorption coefficient is obtained by modifying the structure by using various conjugated unit(s) in combination with donor and acceptor. The conditions of preparation of the organic dye are mild and the yield is high, and the organic dye can be used for highly effective dye-sensitized solar cells.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for describing channel resources comprising allocating channel resources for a plurality of tiles; and determining a description of the channel resources allocated for a tile of the plurality of tiles by performing one or more of the following steps: a) comparing the size of the tile to a tile size threshold (THsize) to determine if the size of the tile is small or large; b) comparing the allocation of the channel resources to the tile to an allocation threshold (THallocation) to determine if the allocation of the channel resources is sparse or not sparse; and c) determining if the allocation of the channel resources within the tile is regularly spaced or not regularly spaced.

Abstract: An organic dye and preparation method thereof and dye-sensitized solar cells using this organic dye are provided. The structure of the organic dye molecule is donor-conjugated unit(s)-acceptor. The organic dye with broad spectrum response and high molar-absorption coefficient is obtained by modifying the structure by using various conjugated unit(s) in combination with donor and acceptor. The conditions of preparation of the organic dye are mild and the yield is high, and the organic dye can be used for highly effective dye-sensitized solar cells.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for data centric multiplexing in a wireless communication system with a plurality of channels comprising assigning a first resource to a first of the plurality of channels; assigning a second resource to a second of the plurality of channels wherein the second resource is not the first resource; assigning a third resource to a third of the plurality of channels wherein the third resource is not the first or the second resource; and assigning a fourth resource to a fourth of the plurality of channels by puncturing at least one of the first, second or third resources and skipping the rest of unpunctured first, second or third resources.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for synchronizing tile processing and assignment processing in a communication device. In particular, the methods and apparatus utilize a tile processing scorecard with a number of assertable bits corresponding to a number of tiles to be tile processed. As each tile is tile processed, the scorecard or bit indicators are asserted to indicate that the tile has been processed. Assignment jobs, which involve codewords having information from symbols in multiple tiles are processed after all of the pertinent tiles are tile processed. The scorecard information is accessible for assignment processing to determine which tiles have been processed, thus affording synchronization of tile processing with assignment processing, while maximizing the independence of these two processing operations. Tile processing operations may further use the scorecard information to prioritize or order tile processing in relation to known queued assignment jobs.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for using a linear memory model for encoder output buffering are disclosed. The apparatus and method effect linear memory output buffering by dividing an encoder operation having N sequential frames to be encoded by an encoder into N encoder operations each designated for a single frame transmission, such as in the case of extended frame transmissions having multiple frames. Bits of the N encoder operations are then sequentially buffered in an encoder output buffer, wherein bits of each buffered encoder operation of the N encoder operations are read out of the buffer to a multiplexer engine while bits of a next encoder operation of the N encoder operations is being stored in the encoder output buffer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for describing channel resources comprising allocating channel resources for a plurality of tiles; and determining a description of the channel resources allocated for a tile of the plurality of tiles by performing one or more of the following steps: a) comparing the size of the tile to a tile size threshold (THsize) to determine if the size of the tile is small or large; b) comparing the allocation of the channel resources to the tile to an allocation threshold (THallocation) to determine if the allocation of the channel resources is sparse or not sparse; and c) determining if the allocation of the channel resources within the tile is regularly spaced or not regularly spaced.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for data centric multiplexing in a wireless communication system with a plurality of channels comprising assigning a first resource to a first of the plurality of channels; assigning a second resource to a second of the plurality of channels wherein the second resource is not the first resource; assigning a third resource to a third of the plurality of channels wherein the third resource is not the first or the second resource; and assigning a fourth resource to a fourth of the plurality of channels by puncturing at least one of the first, second or third resources and skipping the rest of unpunctured first, second or third resources. Further disclosed are apparatus and method for an asynchronous command interface to an encoder and multiplexer module in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for tile processing using a plurality of tile descriptors comprising defining the plurality of tile descriptors in a time-frequency plane; preparing the plurality of tile descriptors to be sent to a receiver for storage; allocating at least one tile associated with the plurality of tile descriptors to a user; and notifying the allocated at least one tile to a transmitter for transmitting a wireless signal to the user using the allocated at least one tile. In one aspect, the apparatus and method further comprise receiving the wireless signal, wherein the wireless signal comprises an encoded user message; retrieving the plurality of tile descriptors from a memory unit; and demodulating the wireless signal using the plurality of tile descriptors to obtain the encoded user message.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for synchronizing tile processing and assignment processing in a communication device. In particular, the methods and apparatus utilize a tile processing scorecard with a number of assertable bits corresponding to a number of tiles to be tile processed. As each tile is tile processed, the scorecard or bit indicators are asserted to indicate that the tile has been processed. Assignment jobs, which involve codewords having information from symbols in multiple tiles are processed after all of the pertinent tiles are tile processed. The scorecard information is accessible for assignment processing to determine which tiles have been processed, thus affording synchronization of tile processing with assignment processing, while maximizing the independence of these two processing operations. Tile processing operations may further use the scorecard information to prioritize or order tile processing in relation to known queued assignment jobs.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for storing log likelihood ratios in an interleaved form comprising receiving a plurality of interleaved codewords; obtaining at least one log likelihood ratio (LLR) for the plurality of interleaved codewords; storing the at least one LLR in a memory; deinterleaving the plurality of interleaved codewords after the at least one LLR has been stored in the memory; and performing a bit decision of the deinterleaved codewords using the stored at least one LLR.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) encoding comprising re-encoding a subpacket from a plurality of subpackets to obtain a codeword; maintaining a set of state variables for each of the plurality of subpackets; initializing the set of state variables at HARQ transmit start; updating the set of state variables at HARQ transmit end; and using the set of updated state variables to determine a portion of the codeword to be transmitted.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for using a linear memory model for encoder output buffering are disclosed. The apparatus and method effect linear memory output buffering by dividing an encoder operation having N sequential frames to be encoded by an encoder into N encoder operations each designated for a single frame transmission, such as in the case of extended frame transmissions having multiple frames. Bits of the N encoder operations are then sequentially buffered in an encoder output buffer, wherein bits of each buffered encoder operation of the N encoder operations are read out of the buffer to a multiplexer engine while bits of a next encoder operation of the N encoder operations is being stored in the encoder output buffer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for data centric multiplexing in a wireless communication system with a plurality of channels comprising assigning a first resource to a first of the plurality of channels; assigning a second resource to a second of the plurality of channels wherein the second resource is not the first resource; assigning a third resource to a third of the plurality of channels wherein the third resource is not the first or the second resource; and assigning a fourth resource to a fourth of the plurality of channels by puncturing at least one of the first, second or third resources and skipping the rest of unpunctured first, second or third resources.